1. North and South
Chapter 14

2. Lesson 1- The Industrial North
Technology and Industry
Farming Innovations

3. Technology and Industry
Remember growth and expansion. The North industrialized in three phases.
Employers divided jobs into smaller steps. Each worker specialized in one step
Entrepreneurs built factories to bring specialized workers together. This allowed the product to move quickly from one worker to the next
Workers used machines
Transportation changed with roads and canals. New ships like “clipper ships” made traveling faster

5. The first steam powered train ran in England 1829
The first steam powered train ran in England The next year the American locomotive, Tom Thumb, lost a race against a horse. In there were 3,000 miles or railroad track. By 1860, there were 31,000 miles. Railroads and Canals moved people in the US. Clipper Ships moved people to the US
Telegraph-a device the used electric signals to send messages helped spread communication through the growing country
Samuel Morse-developed “Morse Code”- a system of sending coded messages instantly along electric wires. BY 1852 there were 23,000 miles of telegraph lines
In farming- new inventions led to more crops being harvested

8. Lesson 2- People of the North
Factories of the North
Growth of Cities

9. Factories of the North
Working conditions were bad as the factory system grew
Long hours 1840 average hours
Machines had moving parts and long hours meant workers were not as focused and many accidents occurred
Summers and winter weather
No safety laws
Child labor- children who worked, worked 12 hours a day for 6 days
Skilled workers formed trade unions-groups of workers with the same skill joining together
This way they can ask for hire wages or limit to their hours. If they weren’t given what they wanted they could go on strike-refusal to work
Slavery had mostly disappeared in the North but there was still discrimination and prejudice like not being able to vote or go to public schools
Women were often paid half of what men were paid

13. Growth of Cities
Factories drew workers which led to Northern cities growing
St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Louisville were all cities near rivers that connected farmers to the cities of the east
Between 1840 and 1860 immigration grew, mostly from Ireland. In Ireland there was a potato famine (shortage of food), a million died and 1.5 million left, mostly coming to the US. The second largest group came from Germany
Immigrants faced prejudice from nativist- native born Americans who saw immigrants as a threat to American society or workers

15. Lesson 3-Southern Cotton Kingdom
Rise of Cotton
Southern Industry

16. Rise of Cotton/ Southern Industry
The cotton gin grew the slave trade and the land needed to keep up with demand
Because of this need for land, industry and factories grew more slowly in the South. Also, enslaved people did not need manufactured goods so there was no demand for industry
The lack of industry and growth also led to less transportation options
By 1860 only 1/3 of all railroad lines were in the South

18. Lesson 4 People of the South
Southern Agriculture
Lives of Enslaved People
Southern Cities

19. Southern Agriculture
Not all white people owned slaves. There were four categories of white people
Yeoman-most white people in the south, small farmers, not plantations, owned little or no slaves
Tenant farmers-rented land and farmed the land
Rural poor
Plantation owners

20. Lives of Enslaved People
In plantations, many slaves married and had children but they were always scared that the owner could separate the family. Relatives stepped in to raise children if the parents were gone
1808 Congress banned the import of slaves from other countries. By 1860 almost all slaves were from the US. They kept some of their African culture but made it unique to America like music and they embraced Christianity.
Slave Codes-laws to control slaves like not being able to gather in large groups or to learn to read or write
Slaves sometimes rebelled like Nat Turner and followers who killed 55 whites
Other slaves tried to fight back by doing things like working slow or damaging equipment
Escaped slave Harriett Tubman helped make a network of “safe houses” owned by people who opposed slavery. Slaves escaped through the network known as the “Underground Railroad”

21. Southern Cities Atlanta, New Orleans were large growing cities
Schools were spread a part and many people couldn’t go to school because everything was spread out. Because of this the literacy (ability to read and write) in the South was lower then the North