1. The North vs. the South You already know this but….. It is important that we make sure!

2. Northern Industry Question 1: What new inventions developed? Farm tools: – Steel Plow (John Deere) – Mechanical Reaper (Cyrus McCormick) – Mechanical Drill to plant – Thresher Telegraph (Samuel Morse) Sewing Machine (Elias Howe) Railroads and the Locomotive Clipper Ships

3. Northern Industry Question 2: What were the results? The North and West were moving forward (South staying the same) Farm inventions: allowed work to be done with fewer hands – led thousands to leave the countryside for the west or Northern factories Telegraph – spread info faster and gave businesses info about supply, demand, and prices in other areas Sewing machine – reduced time from 14 hours to 1! Railroads: connected North and West – led to more westward movement and bigger cities

4. Northern Industry Question 3: How did the Northern Economy change (expand)? Factories became powered by steam. This meant they could be built anywhere = More urbanization and population growth! More goods at lower costs Goods could be transported faster and for less money Food could also be transported from the West to the Northeast. The North and West were growing together! Chicago had become a major city by 1860

5. Importance of Northern Changes 1.North and the West became united: increasing sectionalism. 2.Immigration: more population and more power 3.Urbanization and population growth: power for the North/Midwest

6. Life in the North Question 4: What was life like in the North? Factories: Factories were big, dangerous places. People worked long hours for not much money. Entire families forced to work 10+hours at a time Workers began to join together in trade unions and demanded better treatment and planned strikes. Little progress was made in improving conditions. Death was not uncommon at factories: fires, accidents, and falls were everyday threats.

7. Life in the North Question 4: What was life like in the North? Immigrants: First Immigration boom: Pull Factors: Increased the demand for workers and available land in the west. Push Factors: Potato famine pushed many Irish towards the US. Democratic revolts failed in Germany Led to: Immigrants helped the economy grow Many Germans were skilled workers who brought special talents to the economy.

8. Anti-Immigration Nativists! Reaction against immigrants: – Nativists wanted to preserve the country for the native born. – Blamed immigrants for social problems (crime, drinking, labor problems). – Formed the Know-Nothing party – won 21%in the 1856 election based on closing US borders.

9. Life in the North Question 4: What was life like in the North? African Americans: By the early 1800’s, there was no slavery north of PA. There was discrimination – very hard to find work. Faced competition from immigrants There was very limited success: William Whipper (lumber), Henry Boyd (carpenter), Henry Blair (lawyer), and Macon Allen (journalist and editor) were a few isolated early successes. Wealthy Lumberyard owner, William Whipper devoted much time and money to ending slavery

10. What does it all mean? How did life and the economy in the North create more sectionalism? The North was more diverse = different Made the North more tolerant Helped lead to reform movements (to fix problems) North and Midwest became one region! Population growth = more power in government! North was advancing and progressing = in all areas of life!

11. North or South? The Answer is North – this is a child who worked in a Northern Factory (no school of course)

12. North or South? The Answer is North – these are immigrants getting off a boat to America in the North – they are here for the jobs

13. North or South? The Answer is North – this is a picture of a Northern factory town in the Industrial Revolution

14. Southern Economy What was the Southern economy like? The cotton gin brought back slavery. Plantations made up a small percentage of the farms in the South but brought in a large amount of the profits. What they grew depended on the environment. Most southerners had small farms with few if any slaves. The south also produced the most livestock in the nation. The graph compares cotton to other exports – you can see they mirror each other. It must have been pretty important for everyone

15. Southern Economy What industry existed in the South? Why? Small amounts mostly designed to produce products for the farm. Reasons: Demand was low – slaves could not buy any products. Most southerners demanded products from Europe. The environment made farming much easier! The Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond VA were at the center of Southern industry. However, they wouldn’t be enough if the South was cut off from the North and Europe

16. How is this a problem? This shows the cotton exportsThis shows the value of slaves

17. Southern Economy What were the problems with the southern economy (dependence)? It became dependent on the North and Europe. Northern factories and goods were better. Northern banks were stable and successful. This led to resentment (bad feelings)! The South became more and more protective of cotton and slavery – it was their only asset!

18. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Planters (sometimes known as the “Cottonocracy”): 3 % of the people. Somebody who owned 20 or more slaves. Often made representatives in local, state, or national governments.

19. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Small Farmers 75 % of southern whites. Some might have one or two slaves. Worked with their slaves in the fields. Lived in tight communities Small farmers and poor whites made up about 58% of the population.

20. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Poor Whites Did not own land that they farmed. Rented and paid owner with part of their harvest. Had hard lives working for a living but had rights.

21. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Free African Americans: Only 2%. Some were descendants of slaved freed during the revolution others had bought freedom. Not allowed to vote or travel. Often had to move to avoid being sold into slavery. Many lived in MD Norbert Rillieux invented a machine that refined sugar

22. Southern Society What was Southern Social Structure like? Enslaved African Americans One third of southern population by 1860. Worked between 12 and 14 hours a day. Most worked in the field. Had to live by the Slave Codes – kept slaves from running away, rebelling, or even educating themselves.

23. Southern Society Enslaved African Americans continued: Slaves had no rights at all. The only protection was the fact that slaves were needed to work and work hard. Families were broken up often on purpose. Often the only hope was the religion that the masters let them worship.

24. Southern Society What was the result of Southern Social Structure? Almost all whites supported slavery. Poor whites were often the loudest supporters. They wanted to stay on top of somebody in society. Slavery was the basis of the most powerful people’s fortunes – protected it with all that they could.

25. Chapter 14 section 4 Slave uprisings: 1822: Denmark Vessey – planned a slave revolt but it was stopped before it began. 1832: Nat Turner led a violent revolt killing more than 57 whites. Led to the murder of innocent African Americans and a growing fear in the white community. Results Continued: How do you know this is a Southern view of Nat Turner’s revolt?

26. North or South? The Answer is South – these are slaves harvesting cotton on a Southern Plantation

27. North or South? The Answer is South – these are slaves carrying harvested tobacco on a Southern Plantation

28. North or South? The Answer is South – this is a plantation mansion (notice the surroundings!

29. How do you know?