1. REFORM MOVEMENTS

2. SOCIAL REFORM
ORGANIZED ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE WHAT IS UNJUST OR IMPERFECT

3. RELIGIOUS
INFLUENCES

4. THE GREAT AWAKENING
Religious movement that swept through the colonies
Led by Jonathan Edwards
Impact: 1-Growth of churches forced colonists to be more tolerant of religious differences
Spread of democratic feelings in the colonies

5. SECOND GREAT AWAKENING
Stresses free will rather than predestination
Revivals encourage people to reform their lives
Charles Finney taught that individual salvation is the first step to the reform of a society

6. POLITICAL
ORIGINS

7. DOROTHEA DIX Fights for mentally ill and prisons
Legislature funds mental hospitals
Persuades nation to treat mentally ill as patients, not prisoners
Improves prison’s conditions (low supplies, went hungry, multiple people per cell) ; banned cruel punishments; shorter sentences for minor crimes;

8. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT This was a campaign against alcohol abuse in 1820.
Alcohol abuse and drunkenness was widespread throughout the nation in the 1800s among men, women, children.
Families faced wife beatings, child abuse, and the breakup of families.
As a result many states outlawed sale of alcohol.

11. EDUCATION Public Schools: Horace Mann fought for rights in Mass.
Training for teachers
Higher wages
States passed laws requiring education
Taxed-supported school districts
Built colleges

12. African American North: separate school houses
Many Americans were very hostile towards these schools; burning school, attacking the teachers
1854, 1st African-American college in Penn.

13. Disabilities 1817: 1st school for the deaf
1832: 1st school for the blind; the system of Braille was constructed

14. WOMEN’S RIGHTS Sojourner Truth Free slave in 1827
Effective women’s rights leader
Fought against slavery
Traveled all over the nation, giving speeches
Pres. Lincoln chose her to be a counselor to the freedmen in Washington
Read poem-class

15. Elizabeth Stanton Fought for women’s rights
Women’s suffrage (the right to vote)
Women’s equality in the home, work, education, church, own property
Seneca Falls Convention
Wrote “Declaration of Sentiments”
Similar to the Declaration of Independence
Advocated that women were created equal, too.

16. ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT: 1830 a person who wants to end slavery nationwide
Frederick Douglas
Runaway slaved that spoke out against slavery as a slave and while in hiding.
Taught himself how to read and write.
Wrote a book about his life as a slave.
1847, white friends bought his freedom.

17. Harriet Tubman “Black Moses” Runaway slave
Risking her freedom and life, she returned to the South 19 times, freeing over 300 slaves
Underground Railroad: network of abolitionists, helping slaves escape to North or Canada (STORY) It was a chain of homes and farms where escaped slaves could go her help.
Read story to class

18. William Lloyd Garrison
White abolitionist
1831 Wrote “The Liberator” antislavery newspaper
Told Congress and the world that slavery must be abolished
Est. National Antislavery Society

19. Harriet Beecher Stowe “Uncle’s Tom Cabin” 1852
Was a slave who was whipped to death by his master
Shows the evils of slavery and the injustice of the Fugitive Slave Act.
The gains wide support in the North: saw slavery as a moral issue
South objective to the book: did not show the true picture of a slave’s life. Book was banned in the South
Read story-class