Teaching English Pronunciation Don’t Forget the Consonants Presentation by Brenda Raymond brenda@blrry.com +506 2278-4097 / +506 7159-4394 Have attendants sit by others that teach the same age group Talk about why I’m talking about consonants. I was never taught consonants when I learned Spanish. Few of my students were taught anything about consonants. MANY mistakes made. Explain why I’m using letters to represent sounds instead of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Remember that some letters make more than one sound and many sounds can be made by more than one letter or letter combination but we’re focusing on their primary sound. This presentation may be downloaded from http://www.blrry.com/NCTE2014/consonants.htm Permission granted to make copies, use, and modify if my name remains on the presentation. 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

Introduction to the Consonant Grid B, P, V, F Voiced Unvoiced b p Burst of air v f Steady flow of air B and P start with closed lips that open to make the sound Compare and contrast b and p – both start with closed lips and then lips are opened Voice is used for b (you can feel your vocal chords) not for p Click to bring in voiced and unvoiced Now compare and contrast b and v Both are voiced Lips are closed and then opened for b; but open and unchanged for v You can make the v sound for a long time – why? Click to bring in Burst of Air and Steady Flow Add f Compare and contrast with v and p V and F require a raised upper lip with upper teeth on lower lip throughout the sound B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

8-minute Activity Group by age level that you teach Fill in the grid with the other 20 English consonant sounds (by yourself or in your group) Think of activities you can do with your students to help them notice the difference between voiced and unvoiced; burst of air and steady flow of air Think of words students can use to practice b, p, v, and f e.g. beep Hand out activity sheet to each group to record ideas. After activity, share ideas. Use a lighted candle to show differences. 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z B C D F G H J K L M S, Z Voiced Unvoiced Burst of air z s Steady flow of air Both sounds are made with nearly closed teeth and open lips Where does S go on the grid? Where does Z go? Note that in English Z must be voiced S often makes the Z sound at the end of words and occasionally in the middle B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z B C D F G H J K L M G, K, R, H Voiced Unvoiced g k , h Burst of air r Steady flow of air All four sounds use an open mouth G, K, and R sounds come from the throat Discuss where G goes; click to add it. Discuss where K goes; click to add it. Discuss where R goes; click to add it. Discuss where H goes; click to add it. After clicking to codify the letters, have everyone practice voiced sounds (shadowed letters – B, G, R, V, Z) Have everyone practice unvoiced sounds (thinner letters – F, H, K, P, S) Have everyone practice bursted sounds (blue letters – B, G, H, K, P) Have everyone practice steady sounds (orange letters – F, R, S, V, Z) The tongue does not move while making the R sound B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

C, Q, X are NOT sounds in English k s cat, come cite, ceiling q[u] = kw quick x = ks z eks ex-husband, box, exist xylophone, xenophobia X-ray B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

B C D F G H J K L M B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z D, T, N, L Voiced Unvoiced d t Burst of air n , l Steady flow of air D, T, N, and L begin with nearly the same tongue position – the tongue tip is slightly more curved backwards for the D and L sounds For N and L, the tongue does not move from its starting position Native English speakers are experts at hearing even the slightest T sound. If you move your tongue during the N sound, it will be heard as a T. Extend the N sound to be safe. Talk about D; click to add it Talk about T; click to add it Talk about N; click to add it Talk about L; click to add it Practice CAN vs. CAN’T – ‘can’ is often said quickly as ‘kin’ but ‘can’t’ is always pronounced clearly B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

B C D F G H J K L M B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z M, W, Y Voiced Unvoiced Burst of air m , w , y Steady flow of air The M sound is made with closed lips that remain closed during the sound The W sound does NOT come from closing the throat; use rounded, almost closed lips. Keep teeth open to make the Y sound, and remember that it is a steady airflow. May not be obvious that w and y are steady airflow. Give example: yyyyyyellowwwww Mmmm, mmmm, good! B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

B C CH D F G H J K L M B C CH D F G H J K L M J [ʤ], [ʒ], SH [ʃ], CH [ʧ] Voiced Unvoiced j [ʤ] judge, age, magic ch [ʧ] child, witch Burst of air [ʒ] measure, beige, seizure, version sh [ʃ] wish, chef, nation Steady flow of air Where does J go (judge, age, magic)? Where does ʒ go (measure, beige, seizure, version)? Where does sh go (wish, chef, nation)? Wehre does ch go (child, witch)? B C CH D F G H J K L M N P Q R S SH T V W X Y Z ʒ B C CH D F G H J K L M N P Q R S SH T V W X Y Z ʒ 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

B C CH D F G H J K L M B C CH D F G H J K L M TH [ð], TH [θ] Voiced Unvoiced Burst of air th [ð], the, this, these, with th [θ] think, math, three Steady flow of air Both TH sounds require that you stick the tip of your tongue out between your teeth Where does TH ð (the, this, these, with) go? Where does th θ (think, math, three) go? B C CH D F G H J K L M N P Q R S SH T TH TH V W X Y Z ʒ B C CH D F G H J K L M N P Q R S SH T TH V W X Y Z ʒ 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

P Q R S SH T TH TH V W X Y Z ʒ P Q R S SH T TH TH V W X Y Z ʒ NG [ŋ] Voiced Unvoiced Burst of air ng [ŋ] thing, teaching, tongue Steady flow of air This is NOT the N and G sounds combined. The tip of your tongue needs to be down and the back of your tongue raised up. Is ng voiced or unvoiced? Is ng a burst of air? Or steady? Say sing as example. B C CH D F G H J K L M N NG P Q R S SH T TH TH V W X Y Z ʒ B C CH D F G H J K L M N NG P Q R S SH T TH TH V W X Y Z ʒ 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

The 24 English Consonant Sounds B D G J CH H K P T L M N NG R TH V W Y Z ʒ Say each group Burst, Voiced Burst, Unvoiced Steady, Voiced Steady, Unvoiced F S SH TH 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

b p v f Voiced Unvoiced Burst of air Steady flow of air Click to show answer sheet 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014

b, d, g, j ch, h, k, p, t l, m, n, ng, r, th, v, w, y, z, ʒ f, s, sh, th Voiced Unvoiced Burst of air Steady flow of air 1/20/2014 ©Brenda Raymond 2014