1. Phonetics

2. What is Phonetics? DEFINITION
COMPONENTS OF PHONETICS
Identifying the place of articulation in the vocal tract, mouth and nose.
Identifying the manner of articulation, including how air is channeled and/or stopped during speech sounds.
Identifying which speech sounds are used in any given language, and which are not.
DEFINITION
The study of how speech sounds are made, and which sounds are used in a given language.

3. Speech Sounds
How are they made?
How are they classified?

4. Types of Speech Sounds Consonants Vowels
Consonants are formed by the slowing or stopping air somewhere in the vocal tract
Vowels
Vowels are formed by changes in the shape of the vocal tract as air passes unimpeded

5. The Phonetics of Consonants
Place of articulation
means where the vocal tract is shut off or narrowed
Manner of Articulation
means how the vocal tract is shut off or narrowed
Voicing
means whether air is forced through the larynx or not

6. The Anatomy of the Vocal Tract
Your homework is to go online and find out what the following articulatory places are and where they are located:
Glottis
Uvula

7. Consonant Place of Articulation 1: Bilabials
Bilabials are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using both lips
pin map boy

8. Consonant Place of Articulation 2: Labiodentals
Labiodentals are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using both the lips and the teeth
fan van

9. Consonant Place of Articulation 3: Apicodental (Interdentals)
Apicodentals, also called interdentals are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue between the teeth to narrow the vocal tract
there thing

10. Consonant Place of Articulation 4: Apicoalveolar (Alveolar)
Apicoalveolar, also called alveolars are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue against the alveolar ridge behind the teeth
dip tip

11. Consonant Place of Articulation 5: Alveolarpalatal
Alveolarpalatal are accomplished by narrowing the vocal tract using the tip (apex) of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge at the front edge of the palate
shout judge child

12. Consonant Place of Articulation 6: Velums
Velums are accomplished by completely closing the vocal tract at the velum
get cat

13. Manner of Articulation
means how the shutting off or narrowing of the vocal tract is done

14. Consonant Manner of Articulation 1: Stops
Stops are accomplished by completely obstructing the airstream
pick get dig

15. Consonant Manner of Articulation 2: Fricatives
Fricatives are accomplished by almost completely obstructing the airstream causing friction
fish kiss shell

16. Consonant Manner of Articulation 3: Affricatives
Affricatives are accomplished by stopping the air flow and then releasing air to cause friction
child gym judge

17. Consonant Manner of Articulation 4: Nasals
Nasals are accomplished by closing the vocal tract at the velum and forcing air through the nasal passages
nickel man ring

18. Consonant Manner of Articulation 5: Liquids
Liquids are accomplished by restricting but not closing off air flow
leave ring

19. Consonant Manner of Articulation 6: Glides
Glides are accomplished by restricting but not closing off air flow followed by a slight opening of the vocal tract
yet wash whistle

20. Consonant Manner of Articulation 7: Taps
Taps are accomplished by quickly tapping the tongue against another part of the vocal tract and is frequently found in the middle of a word
letter ladder

21. Consonant Manner of Articulation 8: Trills
Trills are accomplished by forcing the tongue, uvula or lips to vibrate
In Spanish perro barrio

22. Two Types of Voicing Voiced Unvoiced
sounds are made by narrowing the vocal cords and forcing air between them
got bit
Unvoiced
sounds are made by opening the vocal cords and allowing air to flow past them
caught pit

23. Classification of Vowels
Four Criteria for Classifying Vowels:
Tongue Height
Tongue Location (toward back or front)
Mouth & Lip Tension
Lip Rounding Vs stretching

24. Tongue Height Three Positions: High: bit straight pool cook
Mid Mouth: get wait spot rope
Low: bat got

25. Tongue Location Three Positions: Back: pool cook rope got
Center: but around
Front: hit heat pet wait bat

26. Mouth &Lip Tension Two States: Tense Relaxed heat hit soon soot
wait wet

27. Lip Rounding Two States: Rounded Not Rounded pool hit look heat
wrote pat
caught pet
wait