CHAPTER 9 SECTION 3 SOCIETY AND CULTURE

KEY TERMS Astrolabe Ibn Rushd Ibn Sina Ibn Khaldun Caligraphy Minarets Rumi Omar Khayyam

MUSLIM SOCIETY The rise of Muslim cities Damascus was the center of learning Cordoba, Baghdad, Jerusalem Were symbols of strength Baghdad the most imprressive

MUSLIM SOCIETY Islamic texts provided quidance on how to deal with Family life Slavery Economy

RISE OF MUSLIM CITIES Baghdad had a circular design 3 protective walls Caliph’s palace of marble and stone Market places outside the walls Population 1 million

FOUR SOCIAL CLASSES Upper class- Muslim at birth Converts to Muslim were second class Protected people- Jews and Christians were third class Slaves were the lowest class

THE FAMILY AND WOMEN Qur’an says men are the mangers of women’s affairs “righteous women were obedient” Men and women are equal as believers Muslim women had more economic and property rights than Europeans

THE FAMILY AND WOMEN Expected to submit to men To divorce his wife a man had to say ‘I dismiss thee” three times Divorce final n three months

THE FAMILY AND WOMEN Responsibilities varied by income Wife of a poor man worked the fields Wealthier supervised servants Women had access to education Women raised then children Over time women became more isolated

SLAVERY Most slave came from non-Muslim groups Some became well educated Required that slaves be treated fairly Freeing slaves praised as religious act

THE ECONOMY Built largely on commerce Merchants became middle men Trade was a subject of Muhammad's teachings Expanded use of coinage

MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP EXTENDS KNOWLEDGE Rulers wanted qualified physicians to take care of them Mathematicians and astronomers to calculate times for prayer Quest for truth

MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP EXTENDS KNOWLEDGE Muhammad supported scholarship Muslim leaders saved the knowledge after the fall of Rome Umayyad's and Abbasids collected and translated knowledge House of Wisdom

ARTS AND SCIENCE FLOURISH Researchers, editors, linguists, and technical advisors Developed standards for research Some used Greek ideas in a new way Would set the stage for medieval learning

MEDICINE Had to pass rigorous test to practice Did eye surgery Used a needle to draw the film of blindness out Ibn Sina-most famous medical scholar of his time

OTHER FIELDS OF STUDY Geographers were needed for pilmgrages Measured earth’s circumference with accuracy Ibn Khaldun-wrote a history of the world

MUSLIM LITERATURE Qur’an is the standard of Arabic literature Literature was strong- stories of life in the desert. Stories of India and Persia Stories from the 10 century

MUSLIM ART AND ARCHITECTURE Only Allah can create life images Calligraphy- art of beautiful handwriting Decorative woodwork, glass, ceramics, textiles Building created a cultural blending

MEDICAL ADVANCES Medicine, mathematics, astronomy Relied on scientific observation and experimentation Muslims liked to conduct experiments Al-Razi- greatest physician of the time wrote paper on small pox and clean air

MATH AND SCIENCE STRETCH HORIZONS Believe that math was the basis of all knowledge Algebra- art of bringing unknowns together Ibn-al-Haytham- wrote on book on how we see Study on optics used for telescopes and microscopes

PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION BLEND VIEWS Translated Greek works Some tried to blend Greek and Muslim ‘The ideal man” Morally perfect East Persian Arab in faith Iraq education Hebrew in business Disciple of Christ in conduct Pious as a Greek monk

Lasted for three empires Ottoman Safavid Mughal Muslim scholars would be used at the beginning of the Renaissance