1. The Muslim World and Africa (730 B.C.-A.D. 1500)
Lesson 3 Achievements of Muslim Civilization

2. The Muslim World and Africa (730 B.C.-A.D. 1500)
Lesson 3 Achievements of Muslim Civilization
Learning Objectives
Describe the role of trade in Muslim civilization.
Identify the traditions that influenced Muslim art, architecture, and literature.
Describe the major ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred in Muslim civilization.

3. The Muslim World and Africa (730 B.C.-A.D. 1500)
Lesson 3 Achievements of Muslim Civilization
Key Terms
social mobility,
Firdawsi
Omar Khayyám
calligraphy,
Ibn Rushd
Ibn Khaldun
al-Khwarizmi
Muhammad al-Razi,
Ibn Sina

4. Economic and Social Changes
Under the Abbasids, Muslim civilization absorbed traditions from many cultures. In the process, a flourishing new civilization arose in cities from Baghdad to Córdoba. It incorporated all the people who lived under Muslim rule, including Jews and Christians.

5. Economic and Social Changes
Diffusion of Learning
Trade in the Muslim World
Spreading Products and Ideas
High Demand for Manufactured Goods
Agriculture Flourishes
Social Structure and Slavery

6. Economic and Social Changes
The interior of the Great Mosque at Córdoba. The original 8th century mosque had 10 arcades. After Christians retook the city, the mosque became a Catholic cathedral.

7. Economic and Social Changes
Analyze Data Trade across the desert brought great wealth to Muslim merchants. How do you think having a standard currency in the Abbasid caliph affected trade?

8. Literature, Art, and Architecture
Muslim art and literature reflected the diverse traditions of the various peoples who lived under Muslim rule, including Greeks, Romans, Persians, Indians, and North Africans. As in Christian Europe and Hindu India, religion shaped the arts and literature of Muslim civilization. The great work of Islamic literature was the Quran itself. Because the Quran strictly banned the worship of idols, Muslim religious leaders forbade artists to portray God or human figures in religious art. This gave Islamic art a distinctive style.

9. Literature, Art, and Architecture
A Rich Tradition of Literature
Religion Shapes Architecture
Art in the Muslim Empire

10. Literature, Art, and Architecture
Many copies of the Quran were richly illustrated with elaborate designs and detailed patterns.

11. An Emphasis on Knowledge
Although Muhammad could neither read nor write, his respect for learning inspired Muslims to make great advances in philosophy, history, mathematics, and the sciences. Wealthy families might educate their boys and even allow their girls to learn to read and write in order to study the Quran. Most people, however, were illiterate, and they memorized the Quran. Institutions of higher learning included schools for religious instruction and for the study of Islamic law.

12. An Emphasis on Knowledge
Muslim Centers of Learning
Studying Philosophy and History
Advances in Mathematics and Astronomy
Improvements in Medicine

13. An Emphasis on Knowledge
This image shows Jabir ibn Hayyan, or Geber, a Spanish Muslim alchemist during the 700s and 800s. Geber, who is sometimes known as the Father of Chemistry, invented equipment that can still sometimes be found in laboratories today.

14. An Emphasis on Knowledge
Arabic numerals originally developed in India and changed as traders introduced them to Muslim lands and, eventually, to Europe. They are now known as Hindu-Arabic numerals.

15. Quiz: Economic and Social Changes
As a result of its international trade, the Arab Muslim empire
A. ensured that similar goods could be produced in all regions.
B. enabled the spread of products and ideas from many cultures.
C. encouraged the spread of many languages and religions.
D. allowed Muslims to adapt business practices from Europeans.

16. Quiz: Literature, Art, and Architecture
Some of the characteristics of Muslim art include
A. the use of oil paintings and mosaics to show Muslims in their daily life.
B. the depiction of Muhammad and Mecca to illustrate religious buildings and the Quran.
C. the use of calligraphy, geometric shapes, and an arabesque style.
D. the blending of classical and Gothic styles of architecture in mosques.

17. Quiz: An Emphasis on Knowledge
How did the diffusion of Muslim ideas in medicine affect Europeans?
A. European doctors began creating large urban hospitals, but rejected Muslim medical scholarship.
B. They began following Muslim recommendations to concentrate on treating the mind over the body.
C. They used the Muslim practice of vaccinating for measles and smallpox to reduce deaths in medieval Europe.
D. It introduced them to a wide body of medical knowledge and the idea of training physicians and creating hospitals.