1. Chapter 5, Lesson 3 Life in the Islamic World It Matters Because: Muslim advances in mathematics, business, science, architecture, and the arts helped to create our modern society.

2. caravans A. Muslim caravans controlled trade from Africa to China for almost 700 years 1. Caravans & ships made Muslim merchants very rich 2. Merchants converted people to Islam & spread Arabic language B. Islam became faith of the region & Arabic the language of trade C. Kept detailed records of their dealings & earnings 1. Beginning of banking industry I. Muslim Traders

3. II. Muslim Cities A. Muslim cities grew as trade increased 1. Cities like Cairo, Mecca, & Baghdad became centers of education, culture, & trade Mosques B. Mosques were important part of Muslim cities 1. Houses of worship 2. Also served as courts of law & places for education

4. III. Muslim Society A. Society was organized into social groups by levels of power & wealth 1. Slavery was common - Muslims could not enslave other Muslims, but could enslave any others B. Men were in charge of government, society, & business C. Women managed families & homes 1. Women were able to own land & inherit wealth 2. Some women were educated

5. IV. Muslim Contributions A. Muslim scholars preserved many works of classical literature & philosophy 1. Would have been lost to history otherwise 2. Arabic texts of Greek philosophy translated into Latin, giving birth to Renaissance Arabic numerals B. Symbols 0-9 known as Arabic numerals C. Experimented with different metals 1. Considered founders of modern chemistry

6. D. Astronomers in Baghdad studied the sky 1. Described sun’s eclipses 2. Explained how the moon affects ocean tides astrolabe E. Improved the Greek astrolabe Astrolabe 1. Astrolabe - tool that helps sailors navigate by positions of the stars 2. Used to measure circumference of the earth 3. Confirmed that earth was round IV. Muslim Contributions

7. F. Created great works of literature 1. Quran - first & most important Arabic work The Thousand and One Nights 2. The Thousand and One Nights includes stories from India, Persia, & Arabia a. Story of Aladdin & the magic lamp comes from Arabian Nights Ibn Khaldun G. Ibn Khaldun, Muslim historian, studied cause- effect relationships in history IV. Muslim Contributions

8. H. Cities known for outstanding architecture 1. Mosques dominated many city skylines Minarets 2. Minarets - towers from which an announcer calls Muslims to prayer I. Palaces guarded with walls & had central courtyards & gardens Taj Mahal 1. Most famous is Taj Mahal in India 2. Still considered one of the world’s most beautiful buildings IV. Muslim Contributions

9. J. Doctors made advancements in medicine 1. Discovered that blood circulates to & from the heart 2. Discovered & treated many diseases, including smallpox & measles 3. Created first medical schools, clinics, & pharmacies IV. Muslim Contributions