1st Quarter Final Study Guide Burnette & Davis Social Studies 7 Fall 2014

PART 1 GEOGRAPHY (Unit 1)

1. Give an example of absolute location Coordinates: 37 degrees N, 86 degrees W (any measurement with 0-90 degrees N or S, 0-180 degrees E or W) 7031 Louisville Road (or any other address)

2. What would a human geographer be interested in studying? Anything that deals with people and culture: Economics (trade) Politics Food Languages Religions Clothing

3. Define place A theme of geography that refers to what makes a place unique What is it like when you get there? How would you describe it?

4. Why do geographers divide the world into regions? To compare different places in the world by physical or human traits

5. What are examples of physical characteristics? Any kind of landform: Mountains Lakes Oceans Rivers Plains Islands

6. Give an example of relative location Anything telling us that something is near something else… WEMS is next to WEHS Japan is east of China BG is between Louisville and Nashville

7. How do physical environments affect where we live? The types of shelters we build The type of clothing we wear The types of crops we produce

8. What does a geographer look at when they study at the global level? How events and ideas from one region or country affect people in other regions or countries Trade patterns between different countries

9. What does the tilt of the Earth’s axis cause? Seasons

CAN YOU USE A MAP TO FIND ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE LOCATION?

10. How might landforms affect people’s lives? Keeping them isolated so they don’t speak the same language Influencing where people settle Influencing what jobs are available

11. What types of landforms attract settlement? A rich mineral deposit (for mining) A river valley (for fresh water) Fertile farmland (good soil for crops)

12. What can be found on a physical map? Landforms Mountain ranges Bodies of water Deserts Elevation

13. Give examples of Human-Environment Interaction Mining for coal or minerals Building cities, houses, and neighborhoods Irrigating a field of crops Building dams to control water

14. Describe a political map How humans divided the earth among themselves into countries or states

15. Describe a Mercator Projection Latitude lines are spaced out at the poles. Shapes of the land are correct, but sizes are distorted. (Greenland is as big as South America.)

16. Describe a Robinson Projection Latitude lines are of equal distance Longitude lines meet at the poles (QUESTION 17) Most preferred because it is the most accurate when looking at size, shape, and distance between landmasses

PART 2 Studying History (Unit 2)

18. What is a historian interested in studying? Historians are interested in studying the knowledge, beliefs, and customs of people

19. What would an archaeologist be interested in studying? Archaeologists are interested in things that people leave behind throughout history. Study sites such as ancient battle fields, settlements, and burial grounds.

20. What does history teach individuals, groups of people, and countries about? • History teaches people about their past. • History teaches people about how their government came into existence. • History acknowledges triumphs and tragedies.

21. Define culture Culture is the beliefs, customs, and art of a group of people

22. What is a primary source? Give an example A primary source is an account of an event created by someone who took part in the event. Examples of primary sources are treaties, letters, diaries, laws, court documents, and royal commands

23. What is a secondary source? Give an example • A secondary source is information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event. • Examples of secondary sources are textbooks, journal articles, and encyclopedias. • These are often Historian’s opinions on events.

24. Why do historians not always interpret events the same way? Sometimes, historians interpret events differently because of they form different opinions about the primary sources they study.

25. How can studying history help your mental skills? Studying history leads you to ask important questions. Studying history forces you to analyze facts. Studying history helps you identify main facts.

PART 3 EARLY PEOPLE (From Unit 2)

26. What is an early ancestor of humans called? • Early forms of man are known as HOMINIDS.• These are the ancestors of modern man.

27. Explain the three stages of human development Homo habilis = “handy man” • Homo erectus = “upright man” • Homo sapiens = “wise man”• All modern humans today are Homo sapiens.

28. How did tools help early humans? Tools helped early humans because they increased the chances for survival.

29. What three reasons explain why language was developed…? Language was developed to make hunting easier.• Language was developed to form new relationships.• Language was developed to resolve issues like distributing food.

30. Describe the tools of the Middle Stone Age People developed smaller more complex tools like fishing hooks and fishing spears out of wood and bone.

31. What major effect did the ice ages have on early humans? Early humans were forced to move to new environments as the result of the Ice Age Migration

32. Why did people make clothing and shelter after leaving Africa? People needed better clothing and shelter as they migrated out of Africa because they needed more protection to survive in colder areas.

33. What effect does farming have on people in the New Stone Age? With the development of farming, people were able to create settlements and build permanent shelters People no longer had to wander with the herds to hunt or move with the seasons to gather

34. Describe what happened in the Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution is defined as the time in history where there was a shift from food gathering to food producing. People slowly stopped relying only on hunting and gathering for their food supply and began raising animals and crops.

35. List the order of the settlement of the continents AFRICA EUROPE & ASIA AUSTRALIA NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA

36. What may have aided in the settlement of North America? A land bridge over the Bering Strait thousands of years ago aided in the settlement of North America. This land bridge connected Russia and Alaska.

37. What is the relationship between farming and the growth of towns? Building permanent settlements and shelters over time led to the growth of towns As more people survived from domesticating crops, population grew and more permanent settlements formed

38. What are the purposes of megaliths? Megaliths are large stone monuments that historians believe were used during religious ceremonies and as monuments to early gods and goddesses during the Neolithic Era.