1. Warm Up – January 23
Answer the following questions on a post it: 1. Describe one advantage and disadvantage of a primary source 2. Describe one advantage and disadvantage of a secondary source 3. What do you think the term “pre-history” means? 4. If early civilizations did not have writing, how can we learn about them?

2. Unit 1: Prehistory and the Early river valley Civilizations
Early Human

3. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture
 Setting the Stage: Who are we?
Evidence suggests humans could be much older than originally thought
Scientists use artifacts to search for answers
Artifact: human made objects like tools and jewelry
Unfortunately, prehistory can leave more questions than answers
Prehistory: time before the invention of writing

4. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture
2. Humans Migrate – Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age)
Humans are known as homo sapiens which means “wise men” due to brain size
Eventually homo erectus & homo sapiens migrated out of Africa
Early humans were nomads or highly mobile people who move from place to place foraging, or searching for new sources of food
All early humans were also hunter-gatherers
Hunter-gatherers: those whose food supply depended on hunting animals and collecting plant foods; made shelters out of animal bones
Estimates show they started leaving Africa around 125,000 years ago

5. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture
Settled in Europe 33,000 years ago, China 67,000 years ago, Australia 38,000 years ago, North America 12,000 years ago, and South America ,000 years ago
We know this due to similar stone tool artifacts found in different regions that date to roughly the same time period
Shows that early humans used technology: applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs
Used cave paintings to show what they lived in, where they lived, what they hunted and the weapons they used to hunt

6. Cave Paintings
Prehistoric humans used images from their daily lives and from their imaginations to create cave paintings using materials such as blood and soil
Images showed:
where they lived and what they lived in
what they ate and how they caught it
Showed the different tools that they used

9. Cave Painting Activity
Imagine you are a prehistoric hunter-gatherer, and you are drawing on a cave wall to tell people what your life is like. You cannot use writing, only pictures. Show them the following things:
Where do you live? (mountains, beach, etc.)
What kind of tools do you use?
What do you eat?
Anything else about life as a nomadic hunter-gatherer
Cave paintings will be graded on completion (including all the things I ask you to show), artistic effort and being turned in on time.

10. Migration out of Africa

11. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture
i. Why did they leave Africa?
Competition with other humans
Following animal herds
Human curiosity

12. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture
Agriculture Changes Everything!
Early nomadic humans lived in bands of people
Around 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution (New Stone Age) began: the beginning of farming
It started accidentally when some women scattered seeds near a campsite and noticed crops growing there when they came back next season
Rising temperatures worldwide provided longer growing seasons
Farming produces more food than hunting or gathering

13. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture
More food means a higher population, thus more labor
Due to labor and farming methods, permanent settlements developed
Permanent settlements turn into villages, villages turn into cities, cities turn into civilizations
Social classes begin to form based on wealth
Variety of crops and products
Once you reach a certain population, you can begin specialization
Specialization: mastering production of one product

14. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture
m. Domestication or taming of animals began as well; use of Metal tools

15. Coming Up Next…!
n. Eventually all of this led to the creation of the first civilization on Earth in Mesopotamia called Sumer

16. Characteristics of Civilizations
Organized governments
Religion
Jobs
Social Classes
Art and Architecture
Public Works

17. Map Questions
Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up:
1. After examining the geography of the four early civilizations, what similarities and differences between the civilizations do you notice?
2. Why were rivers, mountains and deserts important geographic features for these early civilizations?

18. TOD – January 23
Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up:
What is culture? How can we study a civilization’s culture if they did not have a form of writing?
Describe three reasons why people began to migrate out of Africa?
Describe the six characteristics of a civilization