1. Chapter 1 : Uncovering the Past

2. Chapter 1 Section 1 History – study of the past
A battle that happened 5,000 years ago and an election that happened yesterday are both parts of history.
Historians want to know how people lived and why they did the things they did.
They wanted to know how and where they worked, fought, traded, farm and worship.

3. Chapter 1 Section 1
Culture – knowledge, beliefs, customs and values of a group
Archaeology – study of the past based on what was left behind
Archaeologist explore places where people once lived, worked or fought
Things that people may have left behind include jewelry, dishes or weapons.

4. Chapter 1 Section 1
Famous saying – “Those who forget their past are doomed to repeat it.”
People who ignore the results of past decisions often make the same mistakes over and over.

5. Chapter 1 Section 1 Benefits of Studying History
Helps us understand the world today and make better decisions in the future
Helps us know ourselves, others and the world.

6. Chapter 1 Section 1
Fossil – a part or imprint of something that once was alive
Artifacts – objects created by and used by humans : ex. coins, arrowheads, toys and pottery

7. Chapter 1 Section 1
Primary sources – account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnessed the event
A journal of a soldier in the Civil War.

8. Chapter 1 Section 1
Secondary sources – information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event
History textbooks, magazine articles and encyclopedias
They gather information about events from different sources.

9. Chapter 1 Section 2
Geography – study of the Earth’s physical and cultural features
Physical Geography – study of the Earth’s land and features
Landforms – mountains, valleys, plains, rivers, deserts and other features

10. Chapter 1 Section 2
Climate – pattern of weather conditions in a certain area for a long period of time
Climate is not the same as weather.
Weather is the conditions at a specific time and place

11. Chapter 1 Section 2
Environment – all living and nonliving things that affect life in an area

12. Chapter 1 Section 2
Human Geography – study different things about people and their cultures
ex – work, food, religions, homes
Human geography also deals with how the environment affects people
ex – people settle near rivers

13. Chapter 1 Section 2 Location – exact description of where something is
Maps – People have been making maps for more than 4,000 years.
Region – area with one or more features that make it different from surrounding areas

14. Chapter 1 Section 2
Resources – materials found in the Earth that people need and value
Early times, essential resources included water, animals, fertile land and stones for tools.
The world’s first societies formed along rivers.
Crops could be grown better on the fertile land along the rivers.