Depression, War, and Recovery Unit 8B

By the 1930’s: By the 1930’s: Dictators had taken control in several countries (Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union). Dictators had taken control in several countries (Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union). Dictators are also sometimes called fascists. Dictators are also sometimes called fascists. World War I causes World War I causes Nationalism Nationalism Imperialism Imperialism Arms Races Arms Races Alliances Alliances World War II causes World War II causes Nationalism Nationalism Sectionalism Sectionalism Dreams of Expansion Dreams of Expansion The Great Depression The Great Depression

Fascists often use propaganda ( movies – TV – posters – speeches – radio) to help make their government look great to help make their government look great Fascism(4/9): government where the country is more important than the people

Two fascists in the 1930’s Adolph Hitler Adolph Hitler Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini

Adolph Hitler Born Adolph Schicklgruber (in Austria). Born Adolph Schicklgruber (in Austria). Wanted to be a great artist, but was told he had no talent. Wanted to be a great artist, but was told he had no talent. Felt that his Jewish teachers had plotted against him. Felt that his Jewish teachers had plotted against him. Blamed the Jews for many problems and his hatred of Jews grew. Blamed the Jews for many problems and his hatred of Jews grew. Page 4 in our packets tells why Hitler and the Nazis felt the way they did (ideology of Nazism(6)) Page 4 in our packets tells why Hitler and the Nazis felt the way they did (ideology of Nazism(6))

By the time he was an adult, he had moved to Munich Hung around the beer halls (popular political places at that time) Hung around the beer halls (popular political places at that time) 1921: joined the Nazi Party 1921: joined the Nazi Party 1923: was arrested and put in jail for helping a group try and overthrow the German government. 1923: was arrested and put in jail for helping a group try and overthrow the German government. While in Jail: wrote “Mein Kampf” While in Jail: wrote “Mein Kampf”

When he got out of jail: Returned to the Nazi party and used his two great gifts: Returned to the Nazi party and used his two great gifts: Great political sense. Great political sense. A great speaker who A great speaker who seemed to know exactly what to say and do. seemed to know exactly what to say and do.

1932: Won 30% of the vote for President of Germany (so… some people thought he’d be a good leader) Offered the Germans: national pride, glory, revenge, and a return to the great Germany of old. Offered the Germans: national pride, glory, revenge, and a return to the great Germany of old. Continued to attack communism, and continued to blame Jews for the problems of Germany. Continued to attack communism, and continued to blame Jews for the problems of Germany. Hitler also felt he needed more “living space” (Lebensraum) for the expanding German race – there’s some extra reading about that on page 5 in our packets. Hitler also felt he needed more “living space” (Lebensraum) for the expanding German race – there’s some extra reading about that on page 5 in our packets. 1938: Had control of Germany 1938: Had control of Germany

Benito Mussolini Similar rise to power in Italy Similar rise to power in Italy People wanted a new leader and he promised them a return to power and glory People wanted a new leader and he promised them a return to power and glory

Both Hitler and Mussolini would make agreements with countries…. Then would invade those same countries. Then would invade those same countries. Countries would get worried they’d be next or be mad their neighbor country was invaded. Countries would get worried they’d be next or be mad their neighbor country was invaded. So Hitler and Mussolini would make non- aggression agreements with them…. So Hitler and Mussolini would make non- aggression agreements with them…. Which they would also soon break. Which they would also soon break.

This was called appeasement (19/21) (giving in to someone just to make them happy) These countries would meet Germany’s demands – just to avoid a war (which they really couldn’t avoid) These countries would meet Germany’s demands – just to avoid a war (which they really couldn’t avoid)

Hitler just kept invading countries and it didn’t look like he was ready to stop. This was still not yet what we’d call World War II though. This was still not yet what we’d call World War II though. That came in That came in 1939.

Hitler made an agreement with the Soviet Union that they would not go to war against each other (even though they were bitter enemies). One month later, Hitler invaded Poland. One month later, Hitler invaded Poland. Great Britain and France finally had enough of this and declared war on Germany. Great Britain and France finally had enough of this and declared war on Germany. And… WWII had begun. And… WWII had begun.

These Germans were great fighters They used a strategy called a blitzkrieg They used a strategy called a blitzkrieg (in German means: lightning war) (in German means: lightning war) This was fighting with speed and surprise using tanks, troops, and planes. This was fighting with speed and surprise using tanks, troops, and planes.

Poland fell in one month. Poland fell in one month. France was next – they were overcome in about 2 weeks. France was next – they were overcome in about 2 weeks. All that was left of Europe was Britain – but that wasn’t as successful for the Germans. All that was left of Europe was Britain – but that wasn’t as successful for the Germans. The British people were pretty tough and fought hard – even under terrible conditions they would not surrender. The British people were pretty tough and fought hard – even under terrible conditions they would not surrender.

The 2 sides: The Axis Powers (48) The Axis Powers (48) The Allied Powers (49) The Allied Powers (49)

Hitler decided one more country he could attack was the Soviet Union (led by Joseph Stalin). Which didn’t work so well for him. Which didn’t work so well for him. It was one of the worst Russian winters ever, and Hitler’s men just had a tough time fighting there. It was one of the worst Russian winters ever, and Hitler’s men just had a tough time fighting there.

No United States yet, but…. We were sending aid to the allies We were sending aid to the allies (all together about $50 billion worth of war goods). (all together about $50 billion worth of war goods). Look at page 6 in our packets (The Neutrality Acts (36) and Lend-Lease) Look at page 6 in our packets (The Neutrality Acts (36) and Lend-Lease)

Japan was another country that wanted to expand their empire To do so they needed resources. To do so they needed resources. Japan is a tiny island nation and they didn’t have many resources, so to get them they also decided to invade some countries (in Asia). Japan is a tiny island nation and they didn’t have many resources, so to get them they also decided to invade some countries (in Asia).

The United States did not agree with this aggression and decided to cut off trade with Japan (who needed oil and steel). The United States did not agree with this aggression and decided to cut off trade with Japan (who needed oil and steel). They got mad at us and decided if we would trade with them, they might as well attack us and try and take what they wanted. They got mad at us and decided if we would trade with them, they might as well attack us and try and take what they wanted. The first place they attacked the United States was at ….. The first place they attacked the United States was at …..

Pearl Harbor (38)

President Roosevelt “Yesterday, December 7 th, 1941 – a day which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the empire of Japan” “Yesterday, December 7 th, 1941 – a day which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by the empire of Japan” War was declared on Japan War was declared on Japan A few days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. A few days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. The United States was now in World War II The United States was now in World War II