1. DICTATORS DESTROY PEACE The Coming of WWII “How many people look up to him with a touching faith! As their helper, their savior, their deliverer from unbearable distress-to him who rescues…the scholar, the clergyman, the farmer, the worker, the unemployed, who leads them…” Who is this about?

2. How did dictators rise to power? hard feelings left from WWI Germans hated the Treaty of Versailles  blamed for war, had to pay reparations and had to demilitarize  other countries are bitter too – Italy, Russia, Japan Bitter Feelings  Treaty of Versailles led to totalitarian governments  a single party or leader (dictator) controls government, economy and social aspects Bittern Nations  realize the League of Nations couldn’t back up its policies  Big Weakness: US is not a member

3. Benito Mussolini Italy Fascist Party  promoted extreme Italian nationalism  promised to make Italy great again Highly militaristic Anti-Communists All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.

4. Emperor Hirohito Japan set up a militaristic type government with a monarchy highly nationalistic  attacked Manchuria even though Japan had agreed to disarm at the Washington Naval Conference  left the League of Nations

5. Joseph Stalin Soviet Union (Russia) took Lenin’s place as the communists’ ruthless dictator Started the Great Terror he purged the party of traitors…millions killed Fear kept Stalin in power Death solves all problems - no man, no problem.

6. Adolf Hitler Germany set up the Third Reich controlled the Nazi Party that promoted German ethnic unity  hated communists and Jews (Anti-Semitic)  spread hatred toward Jews “What luck for rulers, that men do not think.”

7. Hitler Causes Problems Violated Treaty of Versailles by… 1. built up Germany’s army and navy (militarism) 2. moved troops into the Rhineland (militarism) 3. tested some of his new military technologies during the Spanish Civil War (militarism) US, France and Britain response…  used appeasement - give in to a potential enemy and hope they will maintain peace Why give in?  memories of WWI  too worried about economic troubles (Great Depression is still going strong)

8. The Munich Pact Britain and France appease:  to preserve peace  give him the Sudetenland  Hitler promised not to conquer any other territories

9. Appeasement Fails…War Hitler violated the Munich Pact  took all of Czechoslovakia…appeasement is not working Britain and France agree to protect Poland (Hitler’s next move) Non-Aggression Pact  agreement between Russia and Germany  both agreed not to attack each other  attack Poland from two directions September 1, 1939: Germany attacks Poland  war declarations start

10. Axis Powers vs. Allies Axis Powers: Germany, Italy and Japan Allies:  Originally France and Britain  Later Russia, the US and China “Phony War”: for 8 months nothing happens

11. Hitler’s Success easily took Poland, then Denmark and Norway turned to Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg Took France in just 35 days  These successes scared US and led to US helping Allies by sending supplies

12. Hitler’s Success Germany used a mixture of Total War  attack civilians  attack economic resources  Blitzkrieg  “lightning warfare”  speed and power to penetrate deep  tanks and planes first  then motorized vehicles and infantry  highly effective German technique