World War I Standard 7-4 Notes. New Technologies World War I was much different from previous wars The Industrial Revolution led to development of new.

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Presentation transcript:

World War I Standard 7-4 Notes

New Technologies World War I was much different from previous wars The Industrial Revolution led to development of new weapons and technology New weapons & technology included long-range artillery, poisonous gases/gas masks, submarines, tanks, machines guns, airplanes, and flame throwers Trench warfare was also used during WWI

Guns Main weapon used by British soldiers in trenches was the bolt-action rifle 15 rounds could be fired in a minute Person 1400 meters away could be killed First machines guns needed 4-6 men to work them Had to be on a flat surface Had the fire power of 100 guns Large field guns (artillery) had long range and could deliver devastating blows to the enemy Up to 12 men needed to work them Fired shells that exploded on impact

Zeppelin Also known as a blimp Airship used in early part of war in bombing raids by Germans Carried machine guns and bombs Abandoned because they were easy to shoot out of the sky

Gas Chlorine Gas German army first to use it at Battle of Ypres in 1915 Causes burning sensation in throat and chest pains Death is painful (suffocation) Weather had to be right to use it Mustard Gas Most deadly weapon used Fired into trenches in shells Colorless Takes up to 12 hours to take effect Effects: blistering skin, vomiting, sore eyes, internal & external bleeding Death can take up to 5 weeks

Tanks Used for the first time in WWI Developed to cope with conditions on the Western Front First tank called “Little Willie” Needed crew of 3 men Max speed of 3 mph Could not cross trenches More modern tank not developed until just before the end of the war Could carry 10 men Revolving turret Could reach 4mph

Planes Used for the first time during WWI At first, used to deliver bombs and for spying work Used for fighting when armed with machine guns, bombs, and sometimes canons Fights between 2 planes in the sky became known as “dogfights”

Trench Warfare Characterized much of the fighting during WWI (particularly in the Western Front) Trench systems were complicated with many interlinking lines of trenches

Fighting on 3 Fronts

The Alliances The Allied Powers (The Allies) The Central Powers Great Britain France Italy (after 1915) Russia (until 1917) U.S. (after 1917) Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria The Ottoman Empire

The Western Front Most of the trench warfare took place in France French & British vs Germans Stalemate—lasted until 1917 (neither side could get the other to surrender)

The Eastern Front Mostly between Germans and Russians Some involvement from Serbia & other nations Some countries wanted to break free from imperial rule Ottoman Empire & Bulgaria on side of Germany

The Italian Front Italy fought alongside French against German & Austro- Hungarian troops Notice that Italy switched its alliance it had before the war… Russia withdrew from WWI in 1917—Germany was able to concentrate focus on the Western Front with a stronger potential for victory

Crossword Answers 10 Across: SOMME 11 Across: JUTLAND 3 Down: TANNENBERG

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