1. changes in weaponry in world war one-changes in modern warfare, changes in trench warfare and changes in naval warfare
by ikra parvez

2. world war one weaponry
During World War One, the soldiers in the trenches used a wide variety of weapons, these included:
Rifles and Pistols
Machine Guns
Artillery
Bayonets
Torpedoes
Flame Throwers
Mustard and Chlorine gasses
Smokeless Gunpowder

3. Rifle
The main weapon used by British soldiers in the trenches was the bolt-action rifle. 15 rounds could be fired in a minute and a person 1,400 metres away could be killed.

4. Machine Gun
Machine guns needed 4-6 men to work them and had to be on a flat surface. They had the fire-power of 100 guns. Large field guns had a long range and could deliver devastating blows to the enemy but needed up to 12 men to work them. They fired shells which exploded on impact. Machine guns were very big and heavy and needed up to six people to operate them. They were placed all along the Western Front. Machine guns fired up to 600 bullets in a minute and were very dangerous. Many soldiers dreaded the enemy soldiers who operated machine guns more than anyone else.

5. Gas
The German army were the first to use chlorine gas at the battle of Ypres in Chlorine gas causes a burning sensation in the throat and chest pains. Death is painful - you suffocate! The problem with chlorine gas is that the weather must be right. If the wind is in the wrong direction it could end up killing your own troops rather than the enemy. Mustard gas was the most deadly weapon used. It was fired into the trenches in shells. It is colourless and takes 12 hours to take effect. Effects include: blistering skin, vomiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding. Death can take up to 5 weeks.

6. Artillery field gun
Field guns fired shells that exploded when they hit something. They were large and complicated weapons to operate. They could fire shells as far as seven kilometres and had to be placed on a flat surface. It was often difficult to find a good position for the guns because the battle field was uneven and muddy. Each field gun needed a team of between four and six men to operate them.

7. Plane
Aeroplanes were very recent inventions when World War One broke out. As aircraft technology developed, planes became very important to the war. France only had 140 aircraft when war began but by the end of it, they had used around 4,500.

8. Signalling post
A man, or group of men, would be based at a signal post close to the front line. They would use a light signal; a light or mirror which was held up to send messages in Morse code back to base. The men operating signalling posts would watch the battle and report what they saw.

9. Pistol
The pistol was a small hand-held gun. They were robust and powerful weapons. Unlike rifles, pistols were compact and suited the cramped conditions found in trenches, tanks and planes.

10. Trench phone
This was a telephone used by soldiers to communicate between trenches. It had a keypad for tapping out Morse code and a handset. Trench phones also had a second earpiece so another soldier could listen to the conversation

11. Gas mask
Poisonous gas was used as a weapon in WW1. Gas could affect a person's sight and breathing in just a few minutes so protective masks were given to all soldiers. As shown in the photograph, many working horses and mules also wore gas masks. These were specially designed for them during the war

12. Hand grenade and shrapnel shell
Shrapnel shells contained lots of little bits of metal or bullets which were fired out at great speed when the shell burst. Shrapnel could inflict great damage to people, animals and equipment. Grenades (a small bomb thrown by hand) were used to clear dug-outs and were also thrown into trenches. Most grenades had a delay of five or five-and-a-half seconds before they exploded.

13. Battleship
Conflicts which took place on the sea were known as naval battles. These mainly took place in the North Sea (between Great Britain and the rest of Western Europe) and the Atlantic. There were also battles in the Black Sea, Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

14. Tank
Britain used tanks in battle for the first time on 15 September By the summer of 1918 they were commonly used on the front line. Britain produced around 2,600 tanks during World War One.

15. Official cameraman
Up until 1916, taking photographs on the front line was banned in case they helped the enemy to find out secrets. From 1916, British official photographers were appointed by the army to take photographs and moving film on the front line.

16. Changes in Modern Warfare
World War I introduced many advances in science and technology into modern warfare. These advances changed the nature of warfare including battle strategies and tactics. Scientists and inventors on both sides worked throughout the war to improve weapon technology in order to give their side an edge in the fight.

17. War in the Air
German fighter planes
World War I was the first war where the airplane was used. Initially, airplanes were used to observe enemy troops. However, by the end of the war they were used to drop bombs on troops and cities. They also had mounted machine guns that were used to shoot down other planes.

18. Tanks
A tank during the Battle of the Somme
Tanks were first introduced in World War I. These armoured vehicles were used to cross "No Man's Land" between the trenches. They had mounted machine guns and cannon. The first tanks were unreliable and hard to steer, however, they became more effective by the end of the war.

19. Trench Warfare
Much of the war along the western front was fought using trench warfare. Both sides dug long lines of trenches that helped to protect the soldiers from gunfire and artillery. The area between enemy trenches was called No Man's Land. Trench warfare caused a stalemate between the two sides for many years. Neither side gained ground, but both sides lost millions of soldiers.

20. Changes in Naval Warfare
The most dangerous ships during World War I were large metal-armoured battleships called dreadnoughts. These ships had powerful long-range guns, allowing them to attack other ships and land targets from a long distance. The main naval battle in World War I was the Battle of Jutland. Besides this battle, Allied naval ships were used to blockade Germany to prevent supplies and food from reaching the country.
World War I also introduced submarines as a naval weapon in warfare. Germany used submarines to sneak up on ships and sink them with torpedoes. They even attacked Allied passenger ships such as the Lusitania

21. New Weapons
•Artillery - Large guns, called artillery, were improved during World War I including anti-aircraft guns to shoot down enemy planes. The majority of the casualties in the war were inflicted using artillery. Some large artillery guns could launch shells nearly 80 miles.
•Machine gun - The machine gun was improved during the war. It was made much lighter and easier to move around.
•Flame throwers - Flame throwers were used by the German Army on the western front in order to force the enemy out of their trenches.
•Chemical weapons - World War I also introduced chemical weapons to warfare. Germany first used chlorine gas to poison unsuspecting Allied troops. Later, the more dangerous mustard gas was developed and used by both sides. By the end of the war, troops were equipped with gas masks and the weapon was less effective.

22. Interesting Facts about WWI Changes in Modern Warfare
•Tanks were initially called "landships" by the British. They later changed the name to tank, which was what the factory workers called them because they looked like a large water tank.
•The main form of transportation of troops during the war was the railroad. Armies would build new railroads as they advanced.
•British soldiers in the trenches used a bolt-action rifle. They could fire around 15 shots in a minute.
•Large artillery guns needed as many as 12 men to aim, load, and fire them.
•The first tank was the British Mark I. The prototype of this tank had the code name "Little Willie."

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