1. Japan, Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Czechoslovak legions
The Sides
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Britain
Germany
France
Austria-Hungary
Russia (1917 exit)
Ottoman Empire
United States (1917 entry)
Bulgaria
Italy
Japan, Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Czechoslovak legions

2. The Fronts
WWI is fought on two main fronts (contested area where the two sides are fighting) – the Eastern Front and the Western Front.

3. Trench Warfare
The soldiers live in holes in the ground, separated by “no-man’s-land.”
The trenches include barbed wire, machinegun nests, gun batteries and heavy artillery.

4. Trench Warfare
Unfortunately, military leaders had never fought this way before – they were used to mobile battles.
The only plan they could come up with was to order masses of soldiers into a frontal assault to try to break through the enemy trenches.
Begin with heavy artillery (bombing/shelling) and then send thousands of troops across no-man’s-land while completely exposed to machine-gun fire.
Thousands of men could be mown down in minutes and the few that made it to the other side then had to face the enemy in their trenches.

5. “Going over the top”

6. Downton Abbey: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diJ13qnULRQ

7. Responses to trench warfare stalemate

9. Warning: next image is very graphic (shows trench foot)
I like to talk about how warfare evolved during WWI; if you don’t like to talk about it, just show them the pictures!
Warning: next image is very graphic (shows trench foot)

10. Trenches are bad bc bacteria and waste and things

11. Tanks can (sometimes) go over trenches

12. Also in response to trenches: artillery shells

13. And gas! Mustard gas, among other things.

14. And in response to gas, gas masks!

15. Warning: next image is fairly graphic (shows effects of poison gas)
Even for dogs!
Warning: next image is fairly graphic (shows effects of poison gas)

17. — Giulio Douhet (Italian staff officer), 1909
“The sky is about to become another battlefield no less important than the battlefields on land and sea....In order to conquer the air, it is necessary to deprive the enemy of all means of flying, by striking at him in the air, at his bases of operation, or at his production centers. We had better get accustomed to this idea, and prepare ourselves.”
— Giulio Douhet (Italian staff officer), 1909
And airplanes!

22. The Red Baron German fighter pilot
Top “ace” of WWI with 80 air combat victories
Shot down and killed on April 21, 1918

23. Zeppelin
ZEPPELINS ARE SO COOL

24. And propaganda!

25. Zeppelins became unused bc they could be bombed

26. 1917 Russia leaves the war U.S. enters the war Why? Why?
Russian Revolution (more on that next time)
Why?
German U-boats sank the Lustania, carrying American citizens
Zimmerman Telegram

27. The Last Push
The stalemate had dragged on from But when the U.S. entered the war, the Germans decided to gamble and launch an all-out offensive on the Western Front (hoping to win before the U.S. could send too many troops over).
They came within 50 miles of Paris, but were stopped at the Second Battle of the Marne by French, Moroccan, and American troops.

28. The End of the War
With 2 million American troops, the Allies were able to push Germany back.
11:11 AM, 11/11/1918 – armistice ends the fighting

29. WWI 65 million soldiers involved in the war
37 million casualties (dead or wounded)
ALLIED POWERS
Country
Killed
Total Casualties
Russia
1,700,000
9,150,000
Britain
908,371
3,190,235
France
1,357,800
6,160,800
Italy
650,000
2,197,000
United States
116,516
323,018
TOTAL
5,142,631
22,062,427
CENTRAL POWERS
Country
Killed
Total Casualties
Germany
1,773,700
7,142,558
Austria-Hungary
1,200,000
7,020,000
Turkey
325,000
975,000
TOTAL
3,386,200
15,404,477