By: Ashton, Haley, Stella, and Tyler

A is for Abolitionists  Abolitionist- people who wanted to abolish slavery, or end it  Abraham Lincoln was a famous abolitionist and he was also the president of the United States  The goal of the abolitionist was the immediate emancipation of all slaves of the end of racial discrimination and segregation

B is for Black Codes  Black Codes-laws that restricted the rights of African Americans  Under the lenient Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson, white southerners reestablished civil authority in the former Confederate. In 1865 and 1866, they enacted a series over restrictive laws known as “Black Codes”, which were designed to restrict free blacks’ rights.

C is for Cotton  Cotton was the main cash crop in the south, it was often referred to as “King Cotton”  Most commonly used phrase describing the growth of the American Economy in the 1830’s and 1840’s was “Cotton is King ”

D is for Fredrick Douglass  Fredrick Douglass was born into slavery, after escaping, Douglass gave speeches about his early life. He also published an antislavery newspaper called The North Star

E is for The Emancipation Proclamation  Emancipation Proclamation- a document that on January 1, 1863 that all enslaved people in the Confederacy were emancipated, or freed  The Emancipation Proclamation did not free all the slaves in the United States, rather it declared free only those slaves living in states under Union control

F is for Free States  Free states- states in which slavery is not allowed  An example of a free state is Maine

G is for General Ulysses S. Grant  General Ulysses Grant-  born April 27th 1822 Point Pleasant Ohio, he died July 23rd 1885

H is for Harriet Tubman  She was a spy, scout, and nurse for the Union  Harriet Tubman was a well-known conductor for the underground railroad,and never lost a passenger  She was born a slave

I is for Ironclad  Ironclad- an iron- covered battle ship  The Confederacy built the first ironclad ship, the CSS Virginia, formerly the USS Merrimack  To counter this new threat, the Union built the ironclad the USS Monitor

J is for “Stonewall” Jackson  General Thomas Jackson was standing firm with his troops. One Confederate officer shouted “There stands Jackson like a stonewall!” From that day forward “Stonewall” Jackson became a Confederate hero  Jackson died in the battle of Chancellorsville in 1863

K is for the Ku Klux Klan  The Ku Klux Klan was a clan that disguised in white robes and hoods, they terrorized African Americans with night raids.  Ku Klux Klan- a group including many confederate veterans founded the first branch of the KKK as a social club in Pulaski, TN in 1867

L is for General Robert E Lee Robert E. Lee ( ) served as a U.S. military officer in the U.S. army,a West Point commandant and the legendary general of the Confederacy of the American Civil War ( )

M is for Malice  Malice is the desire to harm others  Lincoln once said,” With malice toward none, with charity for all

N is for the “Hornet’s Nest”  At one spot along a sunken road, bullets buzzed through the air. The place became known as the “Hornet’s Nest”  This took place during the Battle of Shiloh

O is for Confederate Officers  A third of the nations officers joined the confederate army, including Robert E. Lee, the most respected general in the Army.

P is for Anaconda PLan  General Winfield Scott, the commander of the Union Army, made a plan to win the war. This plan to win the war. This plan would make it more difficult for the South to get supplies it needed to fight the war. he called it the anaconda plan.

Q is for Quartermasters  Quartermaster- the officer who was responsible for supplying clothing, supplies and f0od for the troops

R is for Rose Greenhow  She served as a confederate spy  Before being caught, she directed a group of spies from her home in Washington, D.C

S is for General Sherman  His name was William Tecumseh Sherman  He lead the union forces in the west. Following the anaconda plan, he marched his troops across Tennessee and Georgia to squeeze the south.  He told his men to destroy anything of value to the enemy.

T is for The Gettysburg address  The Gettysburg address is known as one of the greatest speeches in American history.  It was used to dedicate a cemetery for dead Union soldiers.

U is for the Underground Railroad  Underground railroad-a system of tunnels, and river crossings that lead to the north that slaves took to escape to the north.  People who helped the slaves were called conductors.Escaped slaves were called passengers. places where they could eat and rest were called stations.

V is for Victory  The victors of the civil war were the Union  On April 9,1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia

W is for Civil War  The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina on April 12, 1861  The last battle of the Civil War was when Grant put a ten month siege on Petersburg which was a key railroad center south of Richmond  Civil War-a war among people who live in the same country

X is for Xenophobia  Xenophobia-A phobic attitude towards strangers of the unknown

Y is for Yankees Yankees- a northerner during the civil war, often a term used by southerners

Z is for Zong (slave ship)  One of the biggest cases in the history of Atlantic slave trade brought out the issues of carelessness and careless acts