Ian Grant Grant Stouffer

Faith dominated all aspects of life from architecture, literature, art, and music Even wars and crusades were fought around faith and religion People believed that joining crusades would make them have better favor with god

Most of the architecture was dedicated to Christian churches Gargoyles were put on buildings of a way to fend of demons Arches were very influential inside churches The arches not only could support a lot of way but they looked very good inside the church and they were very symbolic with faith The warship area in the middle of the church was very wide open and had massive stained glass in the front

Religion was really incorporated into literature Each story that an author wrote was about different subject that had to do with religion The three main authors that wrote religious stories during the Middle Ages were Anselm of Canterbury, Thomas Aquinas, and Pierre Abélard The type of writing was called Theology Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths Some of the religious stories were used a inspiration to men in the army

Religious art cam in many form from painted glass in churches, to decorated crossed, or even paintings Most of the art was icon paintings, murals, and mosaics The icons paintings were of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or the Saints The murals were also of Christ but were on a much larger scale such as the whole side of a was Mosaics were decorative art of pictures and patterns made of colored pieces of glass, marble or other materials on a bed of cement that depicted Christ or religious patterns

The religious music started in the church and was used to sooth the worshippers to add background to the stories told The music in the churches consisted of mostly an early created piano and a stringed instrument similar to a guitar Once music caught on, lyrics were added to tell stories about Christ and other Christian disciples After music moved from the churches, household used it for their own stories and other tales Soldiers used music to pray before battles and to hope for good outcomes

Chivalry is the generic term for the knightly system of the Middle Ages and for virtues and qualities it inspired in its followers Expressed the ideals of knightly virtues, honor, and courtly love Expressed ideal moral and courteous behavior Way of life for Christians Came from old French word chivalries meaning “Knighthood”

Introduced chivalrous conduct. Went beyond chivalry in combat. The song of Roland Known as “Charlemagne's Code of Chivalry”

To fear God and maintain His Church To serve the liege lord in valor and faith To protect the weak and defenseless To give succor to widows and orphans To refrain from the wanton giving of offence To live by honor and for glory To despise pecuniary reward To fight for the welfare of all To obey those placed in authority To guard the honor of fellow knights To eschew unfairness, meanness and deceit To keep faith At all times to speak the truth To persevere to the end in any enterprise begun To respect the honor of women Never to refuse a challenge from an equal Never to turn the back upon a foe

Religious, as well as secular work Written languages- Latin, Greek, and Old Church Slavonic Many written things were anonymous, believed to be not important because most stories were passed down Authors relied on allegory to convey the morals the author had in mind while writing

Beowulf- unknown Beowulf defeats a monster named Grendel who has killed many men in Hrothgar’s kingdom The Song of Roland- unknown Brave warrior named Roland dies from Muslim army, Charlemagne calls upon god for revenge and god kills all of the Muslims. Inspires crusaders Divine comedy- Dante The Canterbury Tales- Chauser

The dominant form of literature in the middle ages Catholic clerics were the most educated Many hymns survived until today Philosophical treatises- attempting to reconcile the teachings of the Greek and Roman pagan authors with the doctrines of the Church. Best known Jewish authors: Maimonides Rashi

Non-religious literature Not as prevalent as the religious writings Many survive until today Subject of “courtly love” was very popular Used to describe foreign lands to people Used to explain and argue politics

A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the Middle Ages Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz. People became troubadours by going to a special troubadour school The troubadour school or tradition began in the 11th century in Occitania, but it quickly spread through Italy, Spain, and even Greece. Occitania was a small region in Europe that encompasses where France is now

The theme of troubadour songs deal mainly with the topics of chivalry and courtly love Many of the songs were humorous or vulgar satires The plot in the songs were meant to make people think and they all had two meaning The songs were all supposed to be metaphoric

The troubadour songs had three different styles and many different genera’s but the canso genera was the most popular A canso song had a first stanza called the exordium, where the composer explains his purpose. The main body of usually drew out a variety of relationships with the exordium. The canso ends with either a tornada or envoi that wraps up the song and ends with the audience thinking.

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