1. Unit 3: Medieval Europe

2. Fall of Rome
It was difficult to manage such a large area (at its height, the Roman Empire was 3 million square miles!)

3. Fall of Rome The Germanic tribes constantly invaded
Germanic groups: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, and Vandals.
Germanic people had been living on the northern borders of the Roman Empire for years.
Rome became weak from the constant invasions as the Germans moved into Roman territory
In 476, Emperor Augustus was dethroned and exiled by a German warrior which completed the fall of Rome.

5. The Middle Ages is the period of time in Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire and before the Renaissance.
500 B.C – 476 A.D The Roman Empire
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period
The Renaissance (Rebirth)
Begins around 1400

6. It was characterized by:

7. Western Europe was split into many separate Germanic kingdoms
Having many Germanic kingdoms

8. Increase in warfare (dangerous time; people don't feel safe)

9. Decline in trade

10. The Church was a very powerful force in Europe during the Middle Ages.
Popes usually held both spiritual & political power
The church was at the center of each manor
People became devoted to God because their lives were so difficult

11. The Dark Ages video: (watch 0:00-13:00) 

12. FEUDALISM

13. Feudalism
A political & social system in which land is exchanged for loyalty and service
No social mobility!
Your place in the feudal pyramid was determined by birth.

14. After the fall of Rome, Western Europe was a scary place!
Why Feudalism?
After the fall of Rome, Western Europe was a scary place!
There wasn’t a strong, central government to raise a large army, so there was no protection from invaders.
The Feudal system emerged as a means to create
Social/political order and stability in society
provide a system of protection

15. King Land (fief) Nobles Land Vassals & Knights Peasants & Serfs
Loyalty & knights
Land
Loyalty & military service
Land & protection
Labor & food

16. Code of Chivalry To fear God and maintain His Church
To serve the liege lord in valor and faith
To protect the weak and defenseless
To give help to widows and orphans
To refrain from the wanton giving of offence
To live by honor and for glory
To despise pecuniary reward
To fight for the welfare of all
To obey those placed in authority
To guard the honor of fellow knights
To eschew unfairness, meanness and deceit
To keep faith
At all times to speak the truth
To persevere to the end in any enterprise begun
To respect the honor of women
Never to refuse a challenge from an equal
Never to turn the back upon a foe

17. The Medieval Economic System
Manorialism:
The Medieval Economic System
Manors:
A village and the land surrounding it

19. The manor was completely self sufficient meaning that everything that was needed was on the manor.
Very little reason to leave or travel beyond your manor.

20. The Manor System – The Medieval Economic System
The self sufficient manor contributed to the decline of learning. No new ideas were exchanged.
Technology was slow to progress.
Little use of money. Wealth based on land.

21. A Quest for the Holy Land
THE CRUSADES
A Quest for the Holy Land

22. The Crusades were a series of holy wars in which the Christians fought to regain control of the holy land (sacred area of land in the Middle East that includes Jerusalem) from the Muslims.

23. Causes of the Crusades:
European Christians believed they would be forgiven for their sins if they fought for God.
European Christians believed the Holy Land should not be controlled by Muslims.
Many poor Europeans wanted to escape from feudalism.
Many Europeans hoped to gain wealth from the Middle East.

24. Effects of the Crusades
Cultural diffusion occurred as trade & travel greatly increased between Europe and the Middle East
Europeans learned about the many Muslim achievements from their golden age
Feudalism declined
In the end, the Muslims/Turks kept control of the holy land

25. The Black Death ( )
The Black Death refers to the major disease (called bubonic plague) that killed 25 million people in Europe (almost 1/3 of the population) during the late Middle Ages.
The disease started in East Asia (maybe China) and spread to Europe over trade routes such as the Silk Road. The interaction of different groups of people helped spread the disease.

26. Major effects (results) of the Black Death:
Depopulation- The population of Europe decreased from 85 million to 60 million.
Feudalism continued to decline as serfs fled from manors for better opportunities.
Trade temporarily decreased.

27. Music Video Black Death (“Holla Back Girl”) by historyteachers(

28. Next slides are additional information (not notes)

29. *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes
Background: During the Middle Ages, the power of the Church had greatly increased. People were very concerned with the after-life and became increasingly involved in the church

30. By this time, Rome had fallen
By this time, Rome had fallen. Take notice of where the Byzantine Empire is and where the Arab/Islamic Empire extends

31. Crusades
A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the holy land (Jerusalem)

33. Start of the Crusades
The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) invaded the Byzantine Empire and took over the Christian holy land, Jerusalem
Christians pilgrims were no longer allowed to visit the holy land and were sometimes attacked
The increase in Muslim power threatened the Capital of Constantinople

34. The Call to Arms
Pope Urban II called on all Christians to take back the holy land from the Muslims

35. Feudal lords, knights and peasants fought because they wanted:
To win land and wealth
To escape troubles at home
Adventure
To have their sins forgiven

36. *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes
The First Crusade ( )
Peasant army
Untrained
Lacked military equipment
Many killed by Muslim Turks
Knights
Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem

37. *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes
Second Crusade ( )
After victory many Christians went back home.
The Turks eventually took back much of the territory.
King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks.

38. *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes
Second Crusade ( )
Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians
* He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry.

39. *Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes
Third Crusade ( )
King Richard of England convinces the Turks to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land

40. Crusades Continue Through 1200’s
*Please read this slide, but it is not in your notes
Crusades Continue Through 1200’s
Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians
Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land

41. Results of the Crusades: (IF Turks Traveled they would Trade)
I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers
F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military.
T = Turks still rule the Holy Land
T = Travel – Europeans want to travel and learn more about the world
T = Trade – increased between Europe and the Middle East which leads to an increase in CULTURAL DIFFUSION

42. Mankind: The Story of All of Us The Plague
(Watch 13:00-36:00)