U.S. Imperialism The “New” Diplomacy

Monroe Doctrine - 1823 Cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere U.S. warned Europe – no new colonies in Western Hemisphere U.S. won’t interfere in Europe or with existing colonies Any attempt by Europe to interfere in Western Hemisphere would be considered a threat to the peace and safety of the U.S.

Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Policy” - Defined T.Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine U.S. would not allow foreign nations to collect debts by force U.S. would intervene and collect the debts for them → U.S. acted as International Police Power “Speak softly but carry a big stick; you will go far”

“Policeman of the Western Hemisphere” – Disadvantage? ( “Headaches”!)

Theodore Roosevelt and the “Big Stick” policy- Advantages. (The W. Hem Theodore Roosevelt and the “Big Stick” policy- Advantages? (The W. Hem. Leader!)

Roosevelt Corollary Advantage Roosevelt Corollary Advantage? Based on precedent of Monroe Doctrine; Shows US strength and leadership

Roosevelt and the Panama Canal – How can RC be used to solve problems? Attempts to negotiate a deal with Colombia to build a canal through the province of Panama failed Roosevelt supported an uprising in Panama by sending the US navy to park off the coast Panama → once independent, signed agreement for US to construct canal

Construction of the Canal was an accomplishment of modern technology

Importance of the Canal – Advantages? Move navy from ocean to ocean - no need for 2 ocean fleet Greatly reduced the time for goods to be transported US better able to protect its interests

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy- Defined Mildly expansionist Depended on investors’ dollars rather than military power Goal: to promote U.S. trade by supporting American businesses overseas (economic imperialism)

Examples of Dollar Diplomacy – Advantage? Disadvantage? 1911 – attempted to have American bankers included in international plan to invest in railroads in China 1912-Taft ordered Marines into Nicaragua when civil war threatened to prevent repayment of US bank loan Perspective determines opinion…business supportive; anti- imperialists don’t like how it makes us look in the world!

Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy- Defined A moral approach to foreign affairs Opposed imperialism, the “big stick” and dollar diplomacy U.S. would respect other nations’ rights and would support the spread of democracy Goal: Do the right thing and lead by example

Examples of Moral Diplomacy- How did it solve problems? 1916 - In the Philippines- territorial status and promised independence 1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship granted to Puerto Rican people; granted limited self-government 1914 - Panama Canal – Congress repealed law granting U.S. ships exemption from paying tolls

Moral Diplomacy failed- Disadvantages… 1915 – sent Marines into Haiti civil war 1917 – sent Marines into the Dominican Republic In Mexico – “Watchful Waiting” – for government supporting civil rights & free elections 1914 – U.S. troops sent to occupy the Mexican port of Vera Cruz 1916 – Pancho Villa raided New Mexico, killing 19 Americans; Wilson sent forces into northern Mexico until 1917