Pre Class List 5 things that you know (or think you know) about the religion of Islam, Islamic culture and history.

Arab? Islam? Muslim? Islamic? Arab – someone who speaks Arabic Islam – the faith founded by Muhammad Muslim – someone who practices the religion of Islam Islamic – describing an object (ie. Islamic country, Islamic calendar, Islamic law)

The Arab World

Islam - religion started by Muhammad and his teachings/revelations from Allah Means “submission” –people must throw themselves upon the mercy of God (submit) in order to be saved Means “submission” –people must throw themselves upon the mercy of God (submit) in order to be saved “Muslim” – people who practice the religion of Islam “Muslim” – people who practice the religion of Islam

Arabia Before Muhammad Bedouin tribes – nomadic animal herders Bedouin tribes – nomadic animal herders –Worshipped pagan gods –Constantly at war (scarcity of water, resources) Mecca Mecca –Popular because of the Kaaba (tribes worshipped pagan gods) –Prosperous – Kaaba made it a center of trade

Muhammad born in Mecca 570 A.D. (Arabian Peninsula) born in Mecca 570 A.D. (Arabian Peninsula) “revelation” from God in a cave “revelation” from God in a cave set out to preach the idea of MONOTHEISM (one God) and social justice set out to preach the idea of MONOTHEISM (one God) and social justice

Why didn’t Arabs like Muhammad's message? Threatened their gods/way of life Threatened their gods/way of life –monotheism, non-violence Threatened their power and wealth Threatened their power and wealth –Kaaba brought trade and prosperity –Rich had to give to poor

622-The Hijra Muhammad forced out of Mecca and went to Yathrib (Medina - city of the prophet) Muhammad forced out of Mecca and went to Yathrib (Medina - city of the prophet) began the religion of Islam in Medina began the religion of Islam in Medina Year 1 on Muslim calendar Year 1 on Muslim calendar

Prophet’s Mosque-Medina

630 Muhammad returns to Mecca Battle of Badr Battle of Badr captures the city of Mecca captures the city of Mecca Died in 632 Died in 632

Why does Islam spread? Social justice message – non-violence, equality Strength of Muhammad’s forces – –New power in Arabia – –People converted to Islam

Kaaba Before Muhammad: “black stone” worshipped, along with pagan gods After Muhammad: re-dedicated to one God (Allah) re-dedicated to one God (Allah) 1 st mosque (Muslim house of worship) 1 st mosque (Muslim house of worship) Sight of the hajj Sight of the hajj

Islam Splits – Writing assignment Using SEVEN of the vocab terms that you defined for homework, write a paragraph that responds to the following questions: - -What are the major differences between Shiite and Sunni Muslims? - -Which difference, do you think, is the most significant? Why? YOU MUST UNDERLINE EACH WORD THIS WILL BE GRADED!

Pre Class Which difference between Sunnis and Shiites do you believe is the most significant? Why?

Islam: After Muhammad's Death AD 632 – Muhammad dies Abu Bakr takes over as caliph (successor to the prophet; political leader of Islam) AD 661 – Ali, the 4th caliph (relative of Muhammad) is murdered Dispute over who will be the next successor erupts!!!

Sunnis/Shiites: SIMILARITIES Monotheistic (believe in one God = Allah) Muhammad = prophet Koran – unchanging EXACT word of God Hadith/Sunnah Sharia (Islamic law) Worship in mosques Mecca = holy city 5 Pillars = responsibilities as Muslims

Islam Splits SUNNISM Traditional Islam Any devout Muslim can be caliph Emphasis on Koran, Hadith and Sunnah Scholars interpret Koran Don ’ t recognize imams/ayatollahs No clergymen 85-90% SHIISM “ Ali ’ s Party ” Caliph must be direct descendant of Muhammad Believe Muhammad chose first imam (Ali) Imam – leader – interprets Koran/Hadith Ayatollahs issue decrees on Islamic law 10-15%

Muhammad’s Teachings  Allah was the one and only God and all should submit and be thankful to Him  All believers in Allah were equal under Him (SOCIAL JUSTICE)  rich should share wealth with the poor  Allah knows people’s destiny, but they should strive to live good lives

Christians and Jews “people of the book” Christians and Jews “people of the book” required to treat them with tolerance required to treat them with tolerance

Faith Faith Daily prayer Daily prayer Almsgiving Almsgiving Fast Fast Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) Five Pillars of Islam

Testament of Faith There is ONE God, Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet There is ONE God, Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet

Daily Prayer Pray five times a day Pray five times a day facing Mecca facing Mecca In Arabic In Arabic

Almsgiving Charity to the poor and aged Charity to the poor and aged 2.5% of possessions 2.5% of possessions

Fast during the month of Ramadan during the month of Ramadan NO food – sunrise to sunset NO food – sunrise to sunset Refrain from violence, harsh language, gossip, etc. Refrain from violence, harsh language, gossip, etc.

Dates – used to break fasts by many Muslims (Kuwait)

Hajj “pilgrimage” to Mecca “pilgrimage” to Mecca All Muslims who are able must make the journey All Muslims who are able must make the journey Kabba An American Muslim Stoning

The Koran Sacred book Sacred book Muhammad’s miracle Muhammad’s miracle God’s final message to his people God’s final message to his people Final authority for Muslims, on: religion, politics, law, economic, and social life Final authority for Muslims, on: religion, politics, law, economic, and social life Islamic Law – Sharia Islamic Law – Sharia

Pre Class Look at your Christianity/Judaism/Islam chart Identify 5 similarities between these three major religions

How have religions spread??

Elements of Islamic Life Dietary Laws (Halal) - no pork, alcohol (article) Dietary Laws (Halal) - no pork, alcohol (article)Halal(article)Halal(article) Honor Parents Honor Parents Women cannot wear clothes that bring attention to their body Women cannot wear clothes that bring attention to their body Traditional colors of the prophet = green and white Traditional colors of the prophet = green and white

men = taqiyah (Hadith) men = taqiyah (Hadith) Women = Hijab/veiling Women = Hijab/veiling According to the Hadith, "My Lord agreed with me ('Umar) in three things... (2) And as regards the veiling of women, I said 'O Allah's Apostle! I wish you ordered your wives to cover themselves from the men because good and bad ones talk to them.' So the verse of the veiling of the women was revealled" (Bukhari, v1, bk 8, sunnah 395). ( i/Veil.html) i/Veil.htmlhttp:// i/Veil.html Traditional Clothing

Islam ’ s Zenith

Expansion of Islam Spread beliefs and gain riches Arab armies launched Jihad (holy war) – –To defend Islam – –“Struggle within” 732 Arabs conquer empire from Indus river, to Atlantic Ocean 732 Arabs conquer empire from Indus river, to Atlantic Ocean Tolerance/ taxes on non-believers