1. The First Muslims World History Chapter 9

2. Assignment  Sports and 9/11:  What was the role of sports in healing after 9/11?  What was the reaction nationwide?  Music and 9/11:  How did music help people heal after 9/11?  What artists/songs were created in response? What was the population’s reaction?

3. Arabian Peninsula

4. Organization of life  Nomadic life led to organization of tribes  Tribes were loosely connected  Each tribe ruled by a sheikh

5. Arabs were polytheistic but still believed in Allah Early religion

6. The Black Stone  Each tribe had its own stone that symbolized Allah  All tribes worshiped a black meteorite called the Black Stone  This was placed in a shrine called the Kaaba in Mecca  Mecca became a central city on trade routes

7. Muhammad Changes the world

8. Muhammad  Born to a merchant family, he was orphaned at age 5  Eventually married a rich widow named Khadija  Main concern: the greediness of the rich  Left Mecca to meditate

9. Muhammad’s Revelations The angel Gabriel delivered God’s word This was completing the word delivered in Jewish and Christian traditions This was the final revelation

10. The Quran Contains the revelations from Gabriel Basically: the ethical guidelines and laws for followers to live

11. Followers of Islam are called Muslims (just like followers of Christ are called Christians) One thing to remember

12. Muhammad’s message Mecca  No one believed him  Wealthy felt he was dangerous  Disappointed, Muhammad left Mecca  In 622 traveled to Medina (“city of the prophet)  This is called the Hijrah  This became year 1 in the Islamic calendar Medina  Gained support from the Arabs in the desert known as bedouin  Started Muslim community  Thing to remember: no separation between religious and political authority  Muhammad returns to Mecca in 630 with 10,000 men  Declares Mecca a sacred city  Hajj: Pilgrimmage to Mecca  Dies in 632

13. Teachings of Islam  Monotheistic  Emphasize salvation and life after death  Must submit to Allah’s will  Muhammad is not considered divine  Unlike Christianity  Quran is sacred book  5 pillar of Islam:  Belief  Prayer  Charity  Fasting  Pilgrimmage

14. 1. Belief  There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger

15. 2. Prayer  Pray 5 times a day and face Mecca

16. 3. Charity  Must give part of their wealth to the poor  Remember: this was one of Muhammad’s main concerns

17. 4. Fasting  During Ramadan, Muslims don’t eat food and drink from dawn to sunset

18. 5. Hajj  All Muslims are expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lifetime (if possible)

19. Shari’ah law: Applies teachings of Quran to everyday life. Does NOT separate religious life from government life Last thing

20. Write 1-page paper on 9/11 Homework

21. The Caliphates Chapter 9 Section 2

22. Important term: caliph Vocabulary

23. What is a caliphate? Vocabulary

24. Important term: jihad Vocabulary

25. Abu-Bakr Who was he?

26. Battle of Tours Very significant in history. Why?

27. 680: What happens? Perhaps the most important year/event in Muslim history

28. Two main Muslim groups Shia  Accept only the descendants of Ali as the true rulers of Islam  Iraq and Iran are mostly Shi’ite Muslims Sunni  Accepted non-descendants of Ali as rulers  Most Muslims are Sunni