1. ISLAM

2. Arabian Peninsula (between the Red Sea and Persian Gulf)
Arab Life
Where Arabs Live
Arabian Peninsula (between the Red Sea and Persian Gulf)
Close to the size of Alaska

4. Lived in tribes (like modern Afghans); headed by a Sheikh or chief
The Bedouin
Nomadic herders
Lived in tribes (like modern Afghans); headed by a Sheikh or chief
Struggle to survive
Believed in Eye for an Eye

5. Towns Develop (500 AD)
Makkah (or Mecca)
Becomes holiest city

6. Origins of Islam
Like Judaism & Christianity, roots are traced back to the prophet Abraham
Abraham has two sons Isaac and Ishmael
Ishmael and mother travel to Arabia; water from God comes out of sand at his feet, becomes Mecca
Abraham builds a holy sanctuary there as instructed by God, called the Kabah

8. The Kabah https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFQHgdmJqjo (start to 2:45)
(start to 2:45)

9. Islam means “submission to Allah (God)”
Revelation of Islam
Islam means “submission to Allah (God)”

10. Troubled by greed of wealthy, immorality, and mistreatment of poor
Life of Muhammad
Troubled by greed of wealthy, immorality, and mistreatment of poor
Fasted and prayed in cave outside of Mecca

11. Revelation to Muhammad
610 AD, voice of God told him to “recite” 15:00 (Crash Course start to 4:50)
Told to “rise and warn” about divine judgment
Only one God to worship
All who believed were equal, rich should give to poor
People measured by devotion and good deeds

12. Beliefs and Practices
How do Islamic beliefs compare with the other religions we have studied?

13. The Quran Islamic holy book Messages revealed to Muhammad by Gabriel
Abu Bakr writes message down
Quran is God’s message as revealed to Muhammad
Many stories found in Bible

14. Honor parents, show kindness to others Give to poor
Moral Values
Honor parents, show kindness to others
Give to poor
Murder, stealing, lying, and adultery are condemned
No pork or alcohol

15. Essential duties that all Muslims are to fulfill
Five Pillars of Islam
Essential duties that all Muslims are to fulfill

16. The Five Pillars

17. 1. Faith Must submit completely to God
“One God (Allah) and Muhammad is his prophet”
Muhammad is not divine, is a prophet; is most important of several prophets
Allah is same God as Jews and Christians
(start to 3:30)

18. 2. Prayer
5 prayers per day: sunrise, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening
Face Mecca while praying, must kneel
Often pray in Mosque; led by imam or prayer leader

19. Blue Mosque-Istanbul,Turkey

21. Wealthy should help poor
3. Alms Giving
Giving of Charity
Wealthy should help poor

22. Must make journey to Mecca during one’s lifetime
4. Pilgrimage (or Hajj)
Must make journey to Mecca during one’s lifetime

23. Must fast from sunup to sundown
5. Ramadan
Holy Month
Must fast from sunup to sundown

24. Spread of Islam
After Muhammad’s death, Abu Bakr is chosen as first caliph (highest leader in Islam)
Military campaigns are fought to unite Arabia
People in conquered lands were not forced to convert
Other caliphs continue to expand the empire
Islam is also gradually spread through trade routes

25. SPREAD OF ISLAM

26. What is the link between Islam and trade? What might have been traded?

28. Islamic Sects (Branches)
After Muhammad’s death, no successor is named
Sunni Muslims follow Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s main disciple
Shiite Muslims believe leadership stays in family line, follow Muhammad’s cousin Ali
90% of Muslims are Sunni; 10% are Shiite (Iran and parts of Iraq)