AP PSYCHOLOGY MS. NELSON PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS DSM -IV

DSM-IV Official diagnostic manual for mental issues International and USA Published by American Psychiatric Association New one published (DSM-V) in 2012 Expensive Changes

AXIS I List clinical disorders Complex detail of possible disorders Can be more than one disorder Must be justified Principle diagnosis

AXIS II Personality disorders Mental retardation Intellectually disabling issues Must be separated from diagnosis

AXIS III General medical conditions Sever allergies, diabetes, injuries May be separate or may effect behavior

AXIS IV Environmental issues Living conditions Psychosocial issues Family problems May affect mental state

AXIS V Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Clinician assigned score Continuum of being superior functioning 70 known as mild symptoms 20 danger of hurting self or others Based on mental health only

DSM CLASSIFICATION Number system Severity specified during diagnosis Mild Moderate severe If criteria is no longs met In Partial Remission In Full Remission Prior History

CHILDHOOD DIAGNOSIS Infancy, childhood or puberty Retardation and Learning Disorders Motor skill or Communication Disorders Autistic/Asperger’s Continuum Feeding/Elimination ADD/ADHD Tick Disorders

COGNITIVE DISORDERS Delirium, dementia, amnestic Physical deterioration of brain Aging or disease Effect of alcoholism, drug addiction Toxic substances Inability to “think straight” (delirium) Loss of memory (dementia)

SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS Caused by dependence on chemicals Dependence vs. abuse Drugs, alcohol, stimulants, tobacco Behavior & addiction of specific drug Behavior related to the addiction process

SCHIZOPHRENIA & PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS Severe abnormalities in behavior that interfere with daily functioning Thinking, perception, movement, motivation, emotion Delusions: Inflated power or worth Persecution, cheated, followed Spectrum of intensity

MOOD DISORDERS Affective disorders Severe disturbances in mood Depression Mania Over-excitement Manic depression/bipolar Alternating episodes of depression & mania

ANXIETY DISORDERS Unrealistic fears or phobia Generalized feelings of dread Panic attach-physical chemical reaction Obsessive compulsive behavior rituals of thought or actions Used to control anxiety Often caused by traumatic event

SOMATOFORM DISORDERS Physical symptoms with no apparent physical cause Hypochondriac: unusual preoccupation with health Pain disorder Example: blindness, paralysis

FACTITIOUS DISORDERS Intentional false mental or physical disorder Under the person’s control Used to meet a psychological need To assume the role of a “sick person” To avoid responsibilities or financial gain

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER Psychologically caused problems of Consciousness Self-identification Loss of memory Amnesia Development of more than one identity Multiple personality

SEXUAL & GENDER IDENTITY Unusual objects or situations sexually arousing Fetish: baby carriages, shoes Exhibitionism Pedophilia, sadism Unsatisfactory sexual activity Dysfunction, addiction, pain Gender identity issues sexuality Roles and behavior Changes in DSM

EATING DISORDERS Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binging Connection to trauma Brain chemistry

SLEEP DISORDERS Problems with sleep/wake cycle Seasonal Affective Disorder Narcolepsy Breathing related sleep disorder Parasomnias Night terror, nightmares Sleepwalking

IMPULSE CONTROL Compulsive behavior Gambling Kleptomania: stealing Pyromania: arson Trichotillomania: pulling out hair Thrill seeking Chemical reaction

ADJUSTMENT DISORDER Failure to adjust to life events Divorce, financial problems, family discord Emotions and depression Cause and effect Symptoms do NOT represent grieving stages

PERSONALITY DISORDERS Enduring patterns of inner experience of behavior that deviates from social culture Cognition of self and others Affectivity: range, intensity, appropriateness Interpersonal functioning Impulse control Must exhibit at least two of the above

CLUSTER A-BEGINNING IN EARLY ADULTHOOD Paranoid Distrust/suspiciousness of others Interpreted as malevolent behavior Schizoid Detachment for social relationships Restricted range of expressions of emotions Schizotypal Social/interpersonal deficits Eccentric behavior

CLUSTER B-PUBERTY ONSET Antisocial Disregard for and violation of the rights of others Borderline Instability of interpersonal relationships & self- image Histrionic Excessive emotionality and attention seeking Narcissistic Grandiose need for admiration, lack of empathy

CLUSTER C-CHILDHOOD ONSET Avoidant Social inhibition, hypersensitive, feelings of inadequacy Dependent Need to be taken care of, clinging behavior, fears Obsessive-compulsive Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, control, lack of flexibility

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTIVE HEALTH Problems related to abuse or neglect Relational issues Medication induced True physical problems Headaches, high blood pressure, muscle ache Caused or worsened by psychological factors Anxiety or worry

BIBLIOGRAPHY DSM IV, American Psychiatric Association