An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 02 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Lesson Plan Objectives: Identify the “Social Sciences” Identify and define the scope and meaning of sociology Identify and define the two uses of the sociological perspective Identify and recall the contributions of the major pioneers of sociology Identify and describe the three (3) major theoretical perspectives in sociology today.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 03 CT DQ Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Social Science is a branch of learning that deals with human society.

An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 04 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 History – examines the past events in human societies. Anthropology – investigates culture, the beliefs and major traits of groups. Political Science – investigates the organization, administration, history and theory of government. Economics – the study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Psychology – investigates human mental and emotional processes. Sociology – investigates human social behavior from a group perspective.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Terms: 05 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Terms: Sociology – The scientific study of social (group) structures. The patterns of behavior shared by members of a group or society. Sociological Perspective – a “view” that studies and examines the behaviors of groups (cultures) and not of the individuals within the group/culture.

An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 06 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Intro to Sociology, the “S” files

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Terms: 07 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Terms: Social Structure – the patterned interactions of people in social relationships. The difference between individual & group behaviors: Behaviors displayed by the group would not normally be displayed by individuals “external” of the group. Social Imagination – the ability to “see and understand” the link between self and society

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 08 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Activity – Handout: Vocabulary Match each of the terms in the three (3) sections to the definitions listed on the right side of the paper. Some of these terms will be on the Chapter Quiz.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 09 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 THE ORIGINS OF SOCIOLOGY Sociology is a relatively “new” science, It had its origins in Europe in the late 19th century (1800s).

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 10 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Auguste Comte (1798 – 1857) (ill as a child) Frenchman, recognized as the father of sociology Main concern was the improvement of society Used “scientific observation” as the method of study, coined the term “sociology” Positivism – sociology should be based on what is positive (sure) Social statics – the study of social order & stability Social dynamics – the study of social change Published his theories in a work, “Positive Philosophy”

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 11 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Harriet Martineau (1802 – 1876) (poor health, deaf) English, popular writer of the period Translated Comte’s Positive Philosophy Emphasized sociology as a science Pioneer feminist theorist Wrote Society in America that illustrated the link between slavery & the oppression of women

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 12 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) German scholar – proponent of social science. Belief that social scientists should change the world rather than merely studying it. Great concern for the poverty and inequality suffered by the “working class” Identified several 19th Century class groups: Farmers, Servants, Factory Workers, Craftsmen, Small business Owners & Moneyed Capitalists Industrial societies will eventually contain two (2) classes Bourgeoisie – those who own the means of producing wealth Proletariat – the workers who will earn just enough to stay alive. The key to unfolding history is class conflict between the bourgeoisie & the proletariat, which will eventually result in a classless society (communism). Capitalism will eventually self-destruct.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 13 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Herbert Spencer (1820 – 1903) (sole survivor of 9 children) Taught by Father & Uncle (math & science) Explained “social stability” by comparing societies to the human body. (Parts = Families. Religion, Governments & Economies) Developed theory of social change – “Social Darwinism”. Evolutionary social change will lead to progress, people should not interfere. Natural social selection would lead to the survival of the fittest (strongest) societies. Opposed social reform because it interfered with the “natural selection process”. The poor deserve to be poor & the rich deserve to be rich.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 14 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Emile Durkheim (1858 – 1917) Son of a French Rabbi Society exists due to a broad consensus of its members Preindustrial – widespread consensus of values, beliefs & strong social pressure for conformity (mechanical solidarity) Post-industrial – social interdependency based upon web of highly specialized roles (organic solidarity) First to teach sociology at the university level First to use statistical methods in sociological research (study of suicide).

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 15 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Max Weber (1864 – 1920) (mental breakdown) Affected psychologically due to conflicts between his Calvinist Mother & well-to-do German Father University professor (law & economics) Believed that humans will act upon the basis or their understanding of a situation. Sociologists need to discover the personal meanings, values, beliefs and attitudes underlying human social behavior. Verstehen – understanding social behavior of others by putting yourself mentally in their places. Rationalization – the mindset that emphasizes the use of knowledge, reason & planning.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 16 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 1892 – University of Chicago established the first Department of Sociology.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 17 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Jane Adams (1860 – 1935) (Dropped out of medical college due to illness) Witnessed government corruption and business practices that harmed workers. Co-founded “Hull House” in Chicago where immigrants, the sick, poor & elderly could find refuge. Focused on the problems caused by the imbalance of power among the social classes. Active in woman suffrage and peace movements. Awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1931.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 18 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 W.E.B. DuBois (1868 – 1963) African-American educator Attended an integrated H.S. in Massachusetts First black male to be awarded a Ph.D. from Harvard Sociological efforts directed towards the “Negro problem”, defining solutions to racial issues in America. Co-founder of the NAACP & Alpha-Pi-Alpha, one of the first black fraternities Active in the Pan-African movement on a multi-national scale.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 19 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Activity Worksheet: Modern Wisdom – Urban Legends Read the narrative. Answer fully and completely questions #1 - #4 Answer the section, “Use your Sociological Imagination” Skip The “Topic for Research section”

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 20 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 THEORITICAL PERSPECTIVES A set of assumptions about a specific area of study which is viewed as true by its supporters. Perspective – the way in which the brain interprets an event.

An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 21 CT DQ Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01

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An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 25 CT DQ Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 How many Legs?? How can he keep going up? How many black dots are there?

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 26 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Functionalism – a sociological view that emphasizes the contributions made by each “part” of society (religion, family, economy…) Functionalists see a basic agreement on values within society. They emphasize the ways that people cooperate to reach common goals. Functionalism assumes that societies will return to a state of stability following some upheaval”.

An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 27 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 A fish story

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 28 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Conflict Perspective – emphasizes conflict, competition, change and constraint within a society. General focus upon the disagreements among various groups within society. Groups and societies compete as they attempt to preserve and promote their own special values & interests. Supporters of the conflict perspective see social living as a contest, “Who gets what?”

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 29 CT Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Symbolic Interaction – focuses upon the interactions among people based upon mutually understood symbols People learn the meaning of symbols from the way we see others react to it. One the meaning of a symbol is understood, behaviors (interactions) are based on them. People use the meanings of symbols to imagine (via internal conversations) how others will respond to our behaviors. These “internal” conversations enable individuals to visualize how others will respond to them before they act.

Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 30 Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 Activity – Worksheet: Reading Comprehension Read the passage Identify and list the correct letter for each of the 10 questions.

Quiz What is Social Science? When did Sociology get its origins in Europe? Who is the “father of sociology”? When and what college established the first department of sociology? What is perspective?

An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 31 CT DQ Sociology An Invitation to Sociology Chapter 01 END