ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE 2 SEPT 04, 2013 – DAY 4 Brain & Language LING NSCI Harry Howard Tulane University

Course organization The syllabus, these slides and my recordings are available at Honors option Measure your heads! 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 2

Review Design features of language 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 3

ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE Ingram §2 Phonetics 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 4

9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 5 Three systems involved in speech production Respiratory Laryngeal Supralaryngeal

9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 6 Supralaryngeal system

How to represent these sounds How do you pronounce this word? “ghoti” enough [f] women [I] solution [ ʃ ] [fI ʃ ] What can you conclude from this exercise? the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 7

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9/4/13 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 9 Consonant features paired by voicing: voiceless ~ voiced Place/ Manner BilabialLabio- dental Inter- dental AlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal Stop p bt dk g ʔ Nasal m n ŋ Affricate ʧ ʤ Fricative f vθ ðs z ʃ ʒ h Liquid l,r Glide ʍ w y

What you should know The places of articulation: Bilabial, Labiodental, Interdental, Alveolar, Palatal, Velar, Glottal The manners of articulation Stop or Plosive, Nasal, Affricate, Fricative, Liquid, Glide or Semi- consonant The two features for voicing, voiced and voiceless. You don’t need to memorize all of the symbols. 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 10

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IPA English vowels 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 12

What you should know The features Vertical: front, middle, back Horizontal: open or high, mid open, mid closed, closed or low. You don’t need to memorize all of the symbols. 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 13

Summary Standard written language is a distorted version of spoken language. The IPA overcomes these distortions, and its organization tells us something about how speech is articulation. But all this is just a description of speech. The next step is to understand how speech is organized. 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 14

ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE Ingram §2 Phonology 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 15

How do you pronounce these words? bilabial stops alveolar stops velar stops pintinkin spinstinkskin nipnitnick bindinbegin sbinsdinsgin nibbidbig 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 16 [p ʰ, t ʰ, k ʰ ] - voiceless aspirated [p, t, k] - voiceless [p, t, k] - voiceless unreleased [b, d, g] - voiced [*b, *d, *g] - ungrammatical voiced [b, d, g] - voiced How many voiceless stops does English have? Can words be distinguished by aspiration or lack of release?

The answer is … 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 17 /p, t, k/ [p ʰ, t ʰ, k ʰ ] at the beginning of a syllable [p ?, t ?, k ? ] at the end of a word [p, t, k] everywhere else these are phonemes; realm of phonology and distinctive features these are phones or allophones; realm of phonetics and non-distinctive features

NEXT TIME Ingram §2 Prosody – Do exercises that I will send you. 9/4/13Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 18