Miss Greene Social Studies Skills and Methods

Ohio Graduation Test (OGT) 32 Multiple Choice 4 Short Answer (2 points) 2 Extended Response (4 points) Extra Experimental Questions: Not graded Content: US History (1877-Present) and World History (1750-Present) People in Societies: Cultures Geography: Maps, charts, graphs Economics: Economic systems and money Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities: What are they and when can they be taken away Social Studies Skills and Methods: Basic Vocabulary and using sources

Terms and Definitions Primary Source: First hand account Secondary Source: Taken from firsthand account, evaluation of original information Credible: Believable, trustworthy Reliable: Dependable, authentic Stereotype: Simplified, standardized image of someone/something Bias: Prejudiced, opinion Propaganda: Ideas/rumors deliberately spread to help or harm a person/group/organization Thesis: An idea put forth for discussion to prove or refute Refute: To go against Support: To maintain or advocate

Determining Credibility How do you know if a source is credible? Author’s qualifications Consistency with other sources Factual, not bias Doesn’t use stereotypes Uses and sites reliable sources of their information

Multiple Choice Questions Which source has the appropriate qualifications to be a credible source of information about how a proposed tax cut would affect the U.S. national debt? a. A letter to the editor of the New York Times from an astrophysicist b. A film producer of a documentary about the New Deal era c. A recent report published by the Congressional Budget Office d. A television advertisement sponsored by a veterans’ group

Multiple Choice 1. Read the question: Think about it and define any vocabulary you aren’t sure about 2. Read Answers (Don’t pick one yet!) 3. Read question again: Make sure you know what they’re asking you 4. Read Answers: Cross out those that you know are wrong and then choose the best answer

Practice M.C. Which source of information about a candidate for the school board would likely be biased? A. A televised debate of all the school board candidates? B. A copy of the candidate’s voting record from her previous term? C. A letter to the newspaper editor from a supporter of the candidate D. A copy of the candidate’s latest income tax return.

4-Step Process Read Question: Define vocabulary terms and look for signal words Compare and Contrast or Define or Explain or Analyze, etc. What are they asking for? 2 point short answer question=2 bullet point answer 4 point extended response question=4 bullet point answer Outline your answer: Help gather your thoughts In the margins or at the bottom of the page Answer the Question: Use correct number of bullet points for clear and concise answer

Practice Short Answer Compare and Contrast an absolute Monarch and a Constitutional Monarch? (2 point) Describe the living conditions and working conditions in England during the Industrial Revolution: (4 point)

Types of Government: Monarchy Absolute Monarchy: Monarch has absolute power Past Examples: France and England Present Example: Saudi Arabia Constitutional Monarchy: Monarch’s power is limited by the Constitution, the people have representation Magna Carta (1215) English Bill of Rights (1689) Examples: Great Britain

Democracy Parliamentary Democracy: Power is divided between executive and legislative branches of the government Parliament elected by people, Prime Minister elected by Parliament Often have monarch as a figurehead Example: Great Britain Presidential Democracy: President is the head of the government, balanced by the legislative and judicial branches Power is given by the people through elections

Dictatorship Absolute power is held by one individual or group (Oligarchy) Authoritarian or Totalitarian or Despotism Power is often obtained by force or inheritance Examples: Hitler’s Germany, or North Korea since 1953

Theocracy Government based on religion where God is the head of state The government officials are a hierarchy of clergy that are guided by God and make laws based off their religion Example: Tibet with their leader the Dalai Lama