Unit 4 Enlightenment and Absolutism Lesson 4 England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED)

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) Review of ENGLAND Answer on your handout  1. What is the divine right of kings?  2. What happened every time Charles I asked Parliament for money?  What was the Spanish Armada  What is a limited monarchy?

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) Learning Target Students can explain the cause and effect events lead to the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) R – Royal Jewels  Charles I did not pay attention to Parliaments demands of the Petition of Right  Charles began to raise money to find the Scottish who refused to become members of the Anglican Church  In 1639, Charles again asked Parliament for money but they worked to limit his power

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) E – English Civil War  The king tried to arrest the leaders of Parliament. This was too much for the English people  Charles was forced to leave London and civil war broke out between Parliament and king  Supporters of the King (Cavaliers) fought against supporters of Parliament (Roundheads)  Cavaliers were rich Catholics and Anglicans the Roundheads were simple Puritans

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) J – Just Watch Us!  Oliver Cromwell led the Roundhead army and defeated the Cavaliers  His army was better than the kings and he defeated the Cavaliers  The winners put Charles on trial, found him guilty of treason, and executed him  The execution of a king had never taken place before a crowd of people

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) E – England becomes a military dictatorship  Oliver Cromwell takes control of the English government by force  The Puritans began to change English society (closed theaters and disallowed sports)  After Cromwell’s death, tired of Puritanism, Parliament voted to restore the monarchy  Charles son, Charles II is made King this is called the “Restoration of England”

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) C – Charles II was Tolerant  Charles II denied the divine right of kings  Charles II asked for tolerance between Catholics and Puritans (religious tolerance)  Charles II encouraged theater, sports, and entertainment he was called the Merry Monarch  Parliament passed the Habeas Corpus Act (protected citizens from unlawful imprisonment)

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) T – The Glorious Revolution  When Charles died his brother James II (Catholic) became king and wanted more power  Two political groups controlled England the Tories (king) and Whigs (Parliament)  They agreed on one thing – they did not want a Catholic King  James was old and his daughters were protestant (hooray!)

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) T – The Glorious Revolution  The Tories and Whigs believed that after the king’s death, they would have a Protestant ruler.  James’ wife however gave birth to a son (Catholic king)  The Tories and the Whigs joined together and said that Mary, James’ older daughter, should be queen  Mary and her husband, William, arrived in England with an army; James had no support, so he fled the country

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) T – The Glorious Revolution  Parliament then said that William and Mary were the king and queen of Scotland and England  The English had rebelled against their king without anyone being killed  Historians call this even the “Glorious Revolution”

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) E – English Bill of Rights  When William and Mary took over they had to sign the English Bill of Rights  This document said that only Parliament can make laws and that the king must obey the laws that parliament passes  This document gave the Parliament members the right to speak freely in Parliament (the king could not arrest them)

England Rejects Absolutism (REJECTED) D – Democracy Triumphs  Within a year Parliament passed: 1. Petition of Right 2. Habeas Corpus Act 3. English Bill of Rights  These documents proved that England rejected absolutism  England wanted both a democracy and a king this form of government is called a “constitutional monarchy”, that is a body of laws and elected officials to protect citizens rights