1. Parliament Triumphs in England Ch. 16 Sec. 3
Age of Absolutism
Parliament Triumphs in England
Ch. 16 Sec. 3

2. Tutors Work with Parliament
Tutors ruled England
Believed in Divine Right
Henry used Parliament when he broke from the Church
Henry went to Parliament for money and many times to raise taxes
Parliament tended to vote how Henry’s agents instructed
Elizabeth I ruled much like her father- control over Parliament

3. Revolution begins English Civil War
Last of Tutors (Elizabeth I) passed away- throne goes to Stuart monarchs (ruling King of Scotland)
James I agreed to rule under English law, but quickly started lecturing about “Divine Right”
James would dissolve parliament and collect taxes on his own
Also clashed with dissenters- Protestants who differed from Church of England (Puritans)
1625: Charles I followed his father
Imprisoned foes without trial
Needed taxes- summoned parliament- forced to sign “Petition of Rights”

4. Charles I
James I

5. Revolution continues Charles I Cont.
He dismissed Parliament and ruled without them
Then needed their help and summoned parliament
1640: The Long Parliament
Greatest political revolution in English history
Parliament could not be dissolved without its own consent
Cavaliers vs Roundheads
Cavaliers- Charles I; wealthy nobles
Roundheads- Oliver Cromwell; town-dwellers, clergy

6. Cavalier
Roundhead

7. End of Century of Revolutionary
Cavaliers vs. Roundheads
Roundheads won many decisive battles
Charles I at mercy of Parliament was put on trial and executed – “tyrant, traitor, murderer, & public enemy”
Cromwell and the Commonwealth
Cromwell declared England a Republic known as the Commonwealth and ruled as military dictator
Became a Puritan society- Catholics could be killed on the spot
Commonwealth ended with death of Cromwell- Charles II returned from exile to take the throne

9. Charles II Reopened theaters
Well liked/popular ruler
Reopened theaters
Reestablished Church of England but encouraged toleration
Accepted Petition of Right but shared his father’s view of absolute monarchy- secretly had Catholic sympathies

11. England’s Glorious Revolution
Charles II’s brother James II took over the throne not well liked among English/ openly Catholic
Parliament asks James’s daughter, Mary and husband (William III) to become rulers of England
With their arrival- James II fled to France
Bloodless overthrow- Glorious Revolution
Mary and Will had to accept English Bill of Rights before being crowned

12. Glorious Revolution
William and Mary
Charles II

13. English Bill of Rights Ensured superiority of Parliament over monarchy
Required monarchy to summon Parliament regularly
Gave House of Commons “power of the purse”
Barred any Roman Catholic from inheriting the throne
It created a limited monarchy
Evolves into a Constitutional Monarchy- political parties, the cabinet, and the offices of the Prime Minister
Constitutional Monarchy idea spread to the Americas with two parties and a cabinet

14. Constitutional Monarchy
Development of Constitutional Government- a government whose power is defined and limited by law
3 new institutions arose:
Political parties (1600s) - Tories and Whigs
The cabinet (1700s) – named after small room they met in
Office of Prime Minister - head of cabinet/ became chief official of British government
In time- prime minister exceeded power of monarch