Ecclesiastical Breakdown Avignon Papacy Babylonian Captivity Great Schism Conciliar Theory Alex Hatcher Sam Lombard Amal Cheema

Avignon Papacy Causes CAUSES: Political/Military Royal Challenge to Papacy Boniface Versus Philip the Fair Focus: taxes on clergy Reaction: Philip stops all money from France to Rome Boniface concedes and canonizes Unam Sanctum Boniface tries to assert papal authority over Philip Uh oh! Philip beats up Boniface with an army Benedict and Clement VI are in subservience Rome in Rebellion Italian Families repudiate Spiritual Franciscans accuses papacy of: heresy, simony, murder of Celestine

Causes Economic/Social Papacy is now secular power loss of spiritual power for secular subject to monarchs for money Cultural/Intellectual Papacy is in unfavorable position materialistic Rome's interest and not local

What was the Avignon Papacy? Creation of Avignon Papacy Clement V moved to Avignon (pope's land) independence from Philip's presure escape Rome ridden with strife Not really under French influence ECONOMIC: expand papal taxes indulgences and expansion on salvation doctrines Cultural implication: materialism and political scheming Pope John XXI when he tries to return to italy He challenges Emperor Louis XI SO, Marsilius and Ockham create Defender of Peace Papacy is opposed!

Effects of Avignon! Effects Political England restricts payments to Papacy France Gallican liberties regulates papacy...French Church gains power German and Swiss reduce Papacy's power Social Rise of Hussites and Lollards Cultural Hussites of Bohemia win significant religious reforms from Council of Basel after John Huss is excommunicated start of Protestant Reformation

Great Schism Babylonian Captivity The Church in Avignon Pope Greg XI reestablishes Pope in Rome What is to happen.... GREAT SCHISM Political Cause Succeeding Urban VI wants to reform the Curia The (majority) French cardinals do not like that idea- support return to Avignon Charles V wants papacy to stay within French influence BACK TO AVIGNON WE GO! Then to fix it, the Conciliar Theory is considered- people want representative council to have power to regulate actions of the Pope- believed that Pope was only one part of the Church and that the council had more power than the Pope alone

Wait, what? Great Schism Pope Clement VII (cousin of French King) is elected TWO POPES????? England, HRE, Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland for Urban France, Aragon, Castile, Scotland for Clement -_- scandalous! What to do....? Mutual cession or reign one Obviously, we have to make a council to depose both! Effect RISE OF CONCILIAR THEORY proposed the Pope was a tiny part, the Church should be dominated by the faithful

Conciliar Theory What it meant! Pope was to maintain unity. Obviously not being done Pope is just a small part of the body of the Christians Council of the Church has more power than the pope Phases Council of Pisa disposed both Popes elected Alexander V accepted by most, but there are THREE POPES! Woah... Council Of Constance Pope Martin V is elected. Ends Great Schism deposed and accepted resignation of the three other Popes Council of Basel negotiates with Hussites Eastern Church rejoined Papacy, ending Conciliar Movement and restored Papacy

Effect of Conciliar Effect of Conciliar Movement Social A leader of an institution must provide for his people Religious Delegates religious responsibility to laity and secular govts Secular institutions now had to keep the Church in check Political Papal states can now be opposed for national and religious papacy

What you just learned Avignon Papacy, known as the Babylonian Captivity allowed for secular rulers to gain power of the Church When the Avignon Papacy resolved there was little spiritual power The Great Schism was a show that the papacy could be politically divided The Great Schism was resolved by the Conciliar Theory Hussites and Lollards were challenges to the Church In the Faith: Since when did God have two representatives on Earth? Pope's word is no longer law! the Council of Basel gave religious responsible to the lay and secular So this was all important because The Church lost power- Protestant Reformation and Crack in Medieval Mind (remember Manchester!) Humanism! Absolutism