Cody Reardon Human Behavior Memory Cody Reardon Human Behavior
What is Memory and why is it Important? Memory- is the process by which we recollect prior experiences, information, and skills learned in the past. We classify memory by knowledge, skills, and events.
Episodic Memory The first type of memory is Episodic (or memory of a specific event that took place in the person’s presence) Some memories are so surprising and significant to us that is as if a flashbulb went off. Flashbulb memory is something that can be remembered in great detail. Examples?
Generic Memory Generic Memory (memory that is general knowledge that people remember) is less specific in the where and when. Who was the first president? When did you learn that?
Procedural Memory The third kind of memory Procedural Memory (consists of skills or procedures you may have learned) What are some of these skills you can remember off hand? How and when did you learn them?
Three Processes of Memory 1. Encoding (the translation of information into a form in which it can be stored) is a way for people to individualize how they place their memories in their memory bank. Visual Codes (See the letters in your mind as a picture) Acoustic Codes (read and repeat out loud or silently) Semantic Codes (relating to meaning)
Three Process of Memory 2. Storage (the maintenance of encoded information over a period of time) Maintenance Rehearsal- Repeating information over and over Elaborative Rehearsal- relating new information to information already known Organizational Systems- Memories you organize in your mind for future use (chronological)
Three Processes of Memory 3. Retrieval- locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought Context dependent memory- The memories that come back to you in a certain place State Dependent memory- Memories that are retrieved because of the mood you are in. Tip of the tongue phenomenon- When we come close to retrieving information but the process in incomplete
Three Stages of Memory Sensory Memory- The First Stage of memory that consists of immediate, initial recordings of information through our senses Iconic Memory- like snapshots are extremely brief, photographic memories that last a fraction of a second Eidetic imagery- or what most of us refer to as photographic memories
Three Stages of Memory Short Term Memory- also known as working memory where info will remain in your sensory register where it can be held briefly Primacy Effect- Remembering the first few items in a group Recency Effect- Remembering the last few items in a group
Short Term Memory (contd.) Chunking- Grouping items into small manageable units Interference- When new information appears in short term memory and takes the place of what is already there.
Three Stages of Memory Long Term Memory- the third and final stage of memory where you want to remember something more than just briefly. The capacity of our memory is limited by how much we pay attention Memory is Reconstructive and can be seen differently based of the experience Schemas- Mental representations that we form of the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge
Forgetting and Memory Improvement Basic Memory Tasks Recognition- identifying objects or events that have been encountered before. Recall- When you try to bring something back to mind and reconstruct the event or object Relearning- When we do not remember things that have already been taught to us, but are able to pick back up a skill very quickly
Different Kinds of Forgetting 1. Repression- Some memories may be so painful or unpleasant that they make us feel anxiety, guilt, or shame. What kinds of actions may people want to forget.
Different Kinds of Forgetting Amnesia- severe memory loss caused by brain injury, shock, fatigue, ill, or repression Infantile Amnesia- cannot remember things before the age of three Anterograde Amnesia- memory loss forming from trauma that prevents a person from forming new memories Retrograde Amnesia- forgetting the events leading up to a traumatic event.
Improving Memory Drill and Practice-repetition and practice seems to be the most basic way to improve memory Relate to things you already know Form unusual associations Construct links Use Mnemonic Devices-HOMES