Early Middle Ages Through the Crusades

England  1066 William the Conquer becomes William I of ________  1215 King John loses lots of land in wars of land in wars  Will tax the _________  To prevent Rebellion he signs the _________ King must get Noble’s permission to __________ King must get Noble’s permission to __________ Couldn’t arrest and imprison without just cause Couldn’t arrest and imprison without just cause Limits _________________!!!!!!!!! Limits _________________!!!!!!!!!  1 st document to limit government’s power England Nobles Magna Carta Raise Taxes King’s Power

The Rest of Europe  After Charlemagne the empire was divided West - ________ generally remains unified West - ________ generally remains unified East - _________ smaller states, ruled by Dukes East - _________ smaller states, ruled by Dukes  936 Otto the Great becomes King of _______  Will help Pope John XII when challenged by the nobles  Pope will crown him____________________  By 1100s HRE will be ________ not inherited  Must be crowned by the _________ France Germany Germans Holy Roman Emperor Elected Pope

Spain  Located on __________________  Controlled by the Moors = _____________  722 Christians begin to try and force them out  Take advantage of Muslim civil war in 1000s  Attempt to take back Iberian Peninsula Known as _________________ Known as _________________  1236, 3 Christian Kingdoms working together ________ - Queen Isabella ________ - Queen Isabella ________ - King Ferdinand ________ - King Ferdinand ____________ ____________  Only Muslim kingdom left is ___________, surrenders in ______ Iberian Peninsula Muslims Reconquista Castile Aragon Portugal Granada 1492

Power of the Church  Bishops making day to day religious decisions  Popes becoming corrupt Simony - _________________________________ Simony - _________________________________  Pope Leo IX – first to try to right the clergy  1054 Excommunicated Constantinople Bishop Pope’s supporters - ________________ Pope’s supporters - ________________ Bishops supporters - _______________ Bishops supporters - _______________ Buying and selling of Church offices Roman Catholics Orthodox Catholic Orthodox

Crusades  Religious Wars – launched by Christians to take _________ back from Muslims  Turks attack Constantinople  Pope Urban calls _____________________ Set aside differences Set aside differences Slogan: ___________________ Slogan: ___________________  9 crusades, 1 st successful, the rest not  1291-Muslims had driven the Christians out of the Holy Land Holy Land Council of Clermont “God Wills It”

Effects  Strengthened existing ______ routes  ______ owners didn’t return, Kings gained more Land = more _________  Participants became more _________  Others became more intolerant especially of non-Christians such as ________ Trade Land Power Tolerant Jews