Module 2 Body Structure

Smallest to largest structures Location of structures Position of structures in reference to each other How we visualize structures

Chemical Chemical AtomicAtomic MolecularMolecular Cellular Cellular Tissue Tissue Organ Organ System System Organism Organism Nucleus nucle/o Cell cyt/o Tissue hist/o

Body Cavities Dorsal-Cranial-VertebralVentral-Thoracic-Abdominopelvic

spin/othorac/oabdomin/ocrani/odorso/ocervic/ochondr/o Medical Terminology Simplified, 4 th edition

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Gastr/o Ili/o Inguin/o Lumb/o Umbilic/o Pelv/i

Sagittal-midsagittal Frontal (coronal) Transverse (horizontal)

Anatomical Position Serves as a reference point for location and position of body parts

Superior ̶ Inferior Medial ̶ Lateral Proximal ̶ Distal Anterior ̶ Posterior Ventral ̶ Dorsal Cephal/o ̶ Caud/o

Anterior (Anter/o)Posterior (Poster/o) Dorsal (Dors/o)Ventral (Ventr/o) Lateral (Later/o)Medial (Medi/o) Caudal (Caud/o)Cephalic (Cephal/o) Inferior (Infer/o)Superior (Superi/o) Distal (Dist/o)Proximal (Proxim/o)

FlexionExtensionPronationSupinationAbductionAdduction 8b23de2a630c/1/human_bio_science_3b.zip/content/003_musculo_skeletal_support/page_11.htm

Scan: Scan: Technique for carefully studying an area, organ or system by recording and displaying multiple images of the area. Ultrasonography (US): Ultrasonography (US): Imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves, ultrasound, that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an organ or tissue. Radiography: Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source.

Fluoroscopy: Fluoroscopy: Radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate. Radiopharmaceutical: Radiopharmaceutical: Drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned. Nuclear Scan: Diagnostic technique that produces an image by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical called a radionuclide which is detected by a scanning device.

Tomography: Tomography: Any technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth. Computed Tomography (CT): Computed Tomography (CT): Radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x- rays, rotating in a full arc around the patient to image the body in cross sectional slices. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Radiographic techniques that use electromagnetic energy to produce cross- sectional images of the body at many planes.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET):. Good for disorders like stroke, epilepsy and Alzheimer's. Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Radiographic technique which combines computed tomography and the use of radiopharmaceuticals (radioactively labeled drugs). Good for disorders like stroke, epilepsy and Alzheimer's. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomorgraphy (SPECT): Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomorgraphy (SPECT): Type of nuclear imaging study to scan organs after an injection of a radioactive tracer. Like PET scan but typically produces 3D images. Endoscopy: visual examination of interior of organs using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.

Adhesion: Adhesion: Band of scar tissue binding surfaces that are normally separate from each other. Anastomosis: Anastomosis: 1. Connection between two blood vessels or 2. Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments. Cauterize: Process of burning tissue by thermal heat, electricity, laser, or dry ice.

Inflammation: Inflammation: Protective response of body tissues to infection or allergy. Signs include: Sepsis: Sepsis: Inflammatory response to infection characterized by fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate and low blood pressure.

Epi- : above, on Hypo- : under, below, deficient Medi- : middle Super- : upper, above Trans- : through, across

-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ous, -iac, -ic, -ior: Pertaining to -ad: toward -logy: the study of -ologist: specialist in the study of -lysis: serparation, destruction, loosening -toxic: poison -verse: turning

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ: Bx: biopsy PA: posteroanterior AP: anteroposterior Lat CXR: chest x-ray U/L, U&L: upper and lower

Chondroma Cytometer Histolysis Nuclear Anterior Caudad Distal Dorsal Inferior Lateral Medial Posterior Proximal Superior Ventral Mediad Histologist Cytology Cytolysis Cytotoxic Abdominal Cephalad Cervical Cranial Gastric Iliac Inguinal Lumbar Pelvimeter Pelvic Spinal Thoracic Periumbilical