Nationalism

USA! Definition: Pride and devotion for one’s nation

A Nation is NOT necessarily a Country. A NATION is a community of people, whose members are bound together by a sense of solidarity, and a common culture. A COUNTRY is a political community with set borders and the power to require obedience and loyalty from its citizens.

A nation-state is BOTH Def: a political organization within set borders and a community with a common culture, and a sense of unity But a community can be both a nation and a state

What holds a “Nation” together? Common language

What holds a “Nation” together? Common language Shared suffering or historical past

What holds a “Nation” together? Shared suffering or historical past Common language Common religion

What holds a “Nation” together? Common Religion Shared suffering or historical past Common language Shared vision of the future

What holds a “Nation” together? Shared vision of the future Common Religion Shared suffering or historical past Common language Common ethnicity

Shared vision of the future Common Religion Shared suffering or historical past Common language What holds a “Nation” together? Common Ethnicity Geography

We have to make sure that no single country wages war on the rest of Europe again. So no one country can get as strong as France was under Napoleon

Balance of power

Democratic reform! A voice in government! To keep things the way they were Monarchies

The Congress of Vienna set back the clock… And redrew the political borders in Europe…

Types of Nationalism CharacteristicsExamples Unification Separation State- Building Types of Nationalism Bringing together culturally similar people who are separated by political borders -19th Century Italy and Germany Culturally different people who resist being added to a state -Greeks in the Ottoman Empire -French Canadians Culturally different people that want to join together and form a new culture and state -The U.S. (melting pot)

On the same piece of paper you wrote on earlier in class… 1.What is nationalism? 2.What did the Congress of Vienna do to the map of Europe? 3.How did nationalists feel about this? Why? 4.If we became part of Canada against our will and started a rebellion to break free, what type of nationalism would that be?

Weak Empires give Nationalists an opening for…

Which empires were weak?

UkrainiansUkrainians PolesPoles LithuaniansLithuanians LatviansLatvians EstoniansEstonians FinnsFinns JewsJews RomaniansRomanians GeorgiansGeorgians ArmeniansArmenians TurksTurks

What did Russia do?

Did it work?

Which empires were weak?

SlovenesSlovenes HungariansHungarians GermansGermans CzechsCzechs SlovaksSlovaks CroatsCroats PolesPoles SerbsSerbs ItaliansItalians

Which empires were weak?

First nationalist group to win independence? Greeks Slavs Arabs Bulgarians Armenians

What did the Ottoman Empire do? Genocide : the systematic killing of an entire group of peopleGenocide : the systematic killing of an entire group of people Greeks Slavs Arabs Bulgarians Armenians

The Ottoman Empire becomes known as… The Sick Man of EuropeThe Sick Man of Europe Greeks Slavs Arabs Bulgarians Armenians

Greeks Slavs Arabs Bulgarians Armenians

By the end of WWI, these empires will come to an end

What type of Nationalism Was going on here?

Zionism A movement founded to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in PalestineA movement founded to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine Anti-Semitism, or discrimination against Jews, remained a huge problem in Europe in the 1800s and into the 1900s.Anti-Semitism, or discrimination against Jews, remained a huge problem in Europe in the 1800s and into the 1900s. The leader of the movement was Theodor HerzlThe leader of the movement was Theodor Herzl

Good Afternoon! 1.Please have your homework out (the packet of worksheets) on your desk 2.Also take a half-sheet of paper and a packet from the table 1.Please have your homework out (the packet of worksheets) on your desk 2.Also take a half-sheet of paper and a packet from the table

A) a strong leader with military experience B) a deep-spirited leader that inspires others with their words C) an intelligent leader with experience in international relations Do NOT write out the question. Just number 1-2 and write your answer. For number 2, just write the letter of your choice and then a sentence or two explanation. 1.How far would you be willing to go to unify your country (to what extreme)? 2. Which of the following leaders do you think would be most successful in unifying a nation and WHY?

What two modern European nations were not even nations in the middle of the 19 th Century?

Not sure? Think……. ITALY AND GERMANY

Unification Nationalism

Why do you think Italy was still divided in the mid- 19 th century, while other European nations had been around for centuries??

Apennine Mtns acted as barrier through nation Po River acted as another barrier different states = different agendas/sets of values/histories

The Pope

What factors caused unification in Italy?

Nationalism the Renaissance

Good leadership

Sardinia took the lead in Italy, ruled by King Victor Emmanuel II,

Who helped unite Italy?

Giuseppe Mazzini ( ) “The Soul” Led a failed unification movement in from The Duties of Man “O my brothers, love your Country! Our country is our Home, the house that God has given us, placing therein a numerous family that loves us, and whom we love;

He was Sardinian King Victor Emmanuel II’s Prime MinisterHe was Sardinian King Victor Emmanuel II’s Prime Minister Cavour had a plan to unify northern ItalyCavour had a plan to unify northern Italy He made a secret agreement with Napoleon III He made a secret agreement with Napoleon III Count Camillo di Cavour ( ) “The Brain”

Napoleon III promised to support Cavour in any war vs. Austria, as long as Austria attacked firstNapoleon III promised to support Cavour in any war vs. Austria, as long as Austria attacked first

Cavour’s armies defeated Austrians in the summer of 1859Cavour’s armies defeated Austrians in the summer of 1859 Meanwhile, in the Papal States and other parts of central Italy, revolts broke out as people aimed to overthrow their leaders and join Sardinia!Meanwhile, in the Papal States and other parts of central Italy, revolts broke out as people aimed to overthrow their leaders and join Sardinia!

Led a volunteer-army of Red Shirts, he marched up from the south, and kingdoms all along the way fell to his rebels. Guiseppe Garibaldi ( ) “The Sword”

Garibaldi eventually met with Cavour and the king of SardiniaGaribaldi eventually met with Cavour and the king of Sardinia Garibaldi willingly stepped aside and let King Emmanuel II ruleGaribaldi willingly stepped aside and let King Emmanuel II rule

Italy became united in 1870

Germany also wanted unification

SlovenesSlovenes HungariansHungarians GermansGermans CzechsCzechs SlovaksSlovaks CroatsCroats PolesPoles SerbsSerbs ItaliansItalians

Prussia was mostly GermanPrussia was mostly German It had the strongest army in Central EuropeIt had the strongest army in Central Europe The Prussian king was Wilhelm IThe Prussian king was Wilhelm I

NO! Please may I have some money to build up a really cool army? Pretty please with a cherry on top? AHH Man! Hmmm…who else will help me with this…. Conservatives in Germany were known as JunkersConservatives in Germany were known as Junkers The Junker Wilhelm chose was Otto von BismarckThe Junker Wilhelm chose was Otto von Bismarck

Bismarck was a master of Realpolitik Realpolitik means doing whatever is necessary to reach your political goals without worrying about morality or idealism.

Blood and Iron Bismarck was not willing to wait for the liberals in Parliament to approve his budgetBismarck was not willing to wait for the liberals in Parliament to approve his budget “It is not by means of speeches and majority resolutions that the great issues of the day will be decided… but by blood and iron.“It is not by means of speeches and majority resolutions that the great issues of the day will be decided… but by blood and iron. Whatevs! I’m just taking the money.

"Politics is the art of the possible, the attainable… the art of the next best." "Laws are like sausages. It's better not to see them being made." "Better pointed bullets than pointed words." "Never believe in anything until it has been officially denied."

Bismark Unified Germany with

Kaiser King Wilhelm I became Kaiser of the newly unified German EmpireKing Wilhelm I became Kaiser of the newly unified German Empire He was crowned at VersaillesHe was crowned at Versailles

1862: Wilhelm appointed Bismarck Prime Minister Sure. I should have some time after I polish my sweet helmet! Hey man, I really need your help. Want to be Prime Minister and kick some parliament butt…

Before 1815: 39 states make up a German Confederation  Austria dominated, but Prussia wanted unification

Danes, Prussians, and Austrians all wanted the same Danish land.Danes, Prussians, and Austrians all wanted the same Danish land. Bismarck convinced Austria to join with PrussiaBismarck convinced Austria to join with Prussia Denmark and Britain were humiliatedDenmark and Britain were humiliated

Bismarck provoked Austria into declaring war on Prussia.Bismarck provoked Austria into declaring war on Prussia.. Prussia had a secret alliance with Italy. Together, they defeated Austria in only 7 weeks (“7 weeks war”)Prussia had a secret alliance with Italy. Together, they defeated Austria in only 7 weeks (“7 weeks war”) Prussia took many German states from AustriaPrussia took many German states from Austria

Bismarck knew that he needed a war with France to win the last remaining German states. He released a telegram to the press that made it seem like Prussian King Wilhelm I was insulting France. France declared war on Prussia

This was known as the Ems Telegram "The Ems Telegram should have the desired effect of waving a red cape in front of the face of the Gallic [French] Bull." Prussia France Ems Telegram

 French are defeated at the Battle of Sedan Napoleon III taken prisoner (+ 82,000 other Frenchmen)

"I am bored. The great things are done. The German Reich is made.”

Name that nationalism!

Germany after the Congress of Vienna Name that nationalism!

Austria after the Congress of Vienna Name that nationalism!

American Civil War Name that nationalism!

The European Union (EU) Name that nationalism!

Pan-Africanism

Puerto Rican Independence Name that nationalism!

The New Iraq Gov’t Name that nationalism!

Quebec Independence

Division of Sudan Name that nationalism!

Creation of the Soviet Union Name that nationalism!