1. Nationalism Pg.692-697

2. What is Nationalism? The belief that people should be loyal to their nation

3. Nation-States Nationalists believed people of a single “nationality” should unite under a single government Types of Nationalist Movements: (pg.692) TypeCharacteristicsExamples Unification-Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands -19 th century Germany -19 th century Italy Separation-Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away -Greeks in the Ottoman Empire -French-Speaking Canadians State-Building-Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture -The United States -Turkey

4. Nationalism Topples Aging Empires Rise of Nationalism in 19 th century brought ethnic unrest which toppled: Austrian Empire: Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states after WWI Russian Empire: czar ruled over Ukrainians, Poles, Armenians, Turks, etc until WWI Ottoman Empire: Controlled Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians. Massacred and deported Armenians from 1894-96 and in 1915 Empire broke apart after WWI

5. Cavour Unites Italy Italians wanted to unify under the kingdom of Peidmont-Sardina Camillo di Cavour was prime minister Allied with Napoleon in 1858 to take Northern Italy from Austria Secretly aided rebels in southern Italy Guiseppe Garibaldi led the Red Shirts captured Sicily (1860), Venice (1866) and Papal States (1870) United with Northern Italy and willingly allowed Peidmont-Sardinia to rule

6. Bismarck Unites Germany 1815- 39 German states formed the German Confederation Prussia leads German unification Prussia is primarily German (nationalism) and has a strong military Berlin rioters forced a constitutional convention to write up a liberal constitution in 1848 1862 Wilhelm I appointed Otto von Bismark as prime minister Realpolitik- “The politics of reality” Declared that hew would rule without consent of parliament or a legal budget

7. Bismarck Molds and Empire 1864 Prussia and Austria formed an alliance and went to war with Denmark Victory meant increased national pride Seven Weeks War Bismarck stirred up border conflicts with Austria, causing them to declare war on Prussia 1866 Prussia took control of northern Germany Franco-Prussian War Remaining southern states resisted control by Prussia Bismarck Got the French to declare war on Prussia in 1870 to rally southern states- it worked King Wilhelm I was crowned Kaiser 1871 Britain and Germany now most powerful in Europe