Phonetics Class # 2 Chapter 6

Consonants – Place of articulation Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal

Consonants – Manner of articulation Stop Fricative Affricate Nasal Liquid Glide

Consonants - Voice Voiced Voiceless

Consonants - Review Voiceless velar stop Voiced labiodental fricative Voiced palatal affricate Voiced palatal glide Voiced velar nasal Voiceless interdental fricative

Vowels Different from consonants A lot more variation (different dialects) Vowels carry pitch and loudness: you can sing them. Vowel sounds can ‘stand alone.’ Described by tongue height and backness Also by rounding and tense/lax

Vowels Number of vowels in American English: 15 Two types of vowels: Simple vowels (12):monophthongs No noticeable change in quality during their articulation: –[i]: beat[I]: bit –[e]: bait[ ɛ ]: bet –[u]: lose[U]: put –[o]: boat[ ɔ ]: thought –[æ]: cat[a]: car –[ ʌ ]: cut[ ə ]: suppose

Vowels Two types of vowels: Diphthongs (3): Vowels that exhibit a change in quality within a single syllable; They are made up of two sounds In English, the change in quality is due to tongue movement away from the initial vowel articulation toward a glide position –[aj]: buy, ice –[aw]: cow, now –[ ɔ j]: boy

Describing vowels HeightBackness FrontCentralBack High i (heat) u (shoot) Rounded I (hit) U (should) Mid e (mate) o (coat) ɛ (met) ə (Canada) ʌ (cut) ɔ (ought) ɔj (boy) Low æ (mat) aj aw a (lock) Tense: i, e, u, o, aj, aw, ɔ j Lax: I, ɛ, ə, ʌ, ɔ, æ, a, U

Describing vowels Four aspects of vowels for simple vowels: Tongue height: Raising or lowering the body of the tongue –[i]: beat; [I]: bit –[u]: boot; [U]: put »High (4): the front part of the tongue is high in the mouth; –[æ]: cat[a]: pot »Low (2) –[ ə ]: sofa [ ʌ ]: cut –[e]: late; [ ɛ ]: let –[ ɔ ]: law [o]: boat; »Mid (6): tongue is raised to a position midway b/w the high and low vowels.

Describing vowels Tongue backness (part of the tongue involved): advancing or retracting the body of the tongue Front (5): –[i]: beet[I]: bit –[e]: late[ ɛ ]: bet –[æ]: cat Central (2): –[ ə ]: sofa [ ʌ ]: cut Back (5): –[u]: boot [U]: put –[o]: boat[ ɔ ]: law[a]: bomb

Describing vowels lip rounding: whether lips are rounded or spread. Rounded (4): [u, U, o, ɔ ] Unrounded (8): –[i]: beet[I]: bit –[e]: late[ ɛ ]: bet –[æ]: cat –[ ə ]: sofa [ ʌ ]: cut –[a]: bomb

Describing vowels Tenseness: Duration and tension of the tongue muscles: –Tense (4): produced with greater tension of the tongue muscles and often longer in duration; »[i, e, u, o] –Lax (8): produced with less tension of the tongue muscles and often shorter in duration. »8: [ I, ɛ, ə, ʌ, ɔ, æ, a, U, ]

Describing vowels Ex.: Describe the following vowels (5) 1.[i] 2.[e] 3.[U] 4.[o] 5.[ ɛ ] References: 1.[i]: a high front unrounded tense vowel 2.[e]: a mid front unrounded tense vowel 3.[U]: a high back rounded lax vowel 4.[o]: a mid back rounded tense vowel 5.[ ɛ ]: a mid front unrounded lax vowel

Transcription – Vowels beat about lose late buy boat but boy bit cat put let cow hot

Practice – Transcribe the words Togpeel Kidstun AttainOscar Despisecooler Elbowsigh Juiceexplode Clinical remove