1. Introducing English Linguistics Charles F. Meyer Chapter 7: the sounds of English Sounds

2. Consonants in English

3. Place of Articulation

4. Plosives (Stops) bilabial labio-dental inter-dentalalveolar alveo-palatal palatal velar p (pat) t (tack) k (kick) b (back)d (dark)g (get)

5. Fricatives bilabial labio-dental inter-dentalalveolar alveo-palatal palatal velar f (five)  (thin) s (sip) ʃ or š (ship) v (vice) ð (this) z (zip) ʒ or ž (measure)

6. Affricates bilabial labio-dental inter-dentalalveolar alveo-palatal palatal velar ʧ or č (church) d ʒ or ǰ (judge)

7. Nasals bilabial labio-dental inter-dentalalveolar alveo-palatal palatal velar m (more)n (none)ŋ (hang)

8. Approximants bilabial labio-dental inter-dentalalveolar alveo-palatal palatal velar w (wet) r (ripe) y (yet) l (like)

9. Vowels in English

10. Vowel Chart

11. Diphthongs in English /a ɪ / fight /a ʊ / house / ɔɪ / boy

12. Definition of Diphthongs “In each of the diphthongs above, the tongue changes position as each part of the diphthong is articulated. In the case of / ɔɪ /, for instance, the tongue is initially positioned in the lower back part of the mouth and then ‘glides’ to the upper front of the mouth. This feature of diphthongs explains why in the American tradition of transcription, the three diphthongs above are transcribed, respectively, as /ay/, /aw/, and / ɔ y/. The sounds /y/ and /w/, sometimes referred to as glides (or semi-vowels), are used to reflect the gradual transition between vowels inherent in diphthongs.” (Meyer 2009)

13. Sound Systems of Some Select Languages Portuguese Spanish French Russian Farsi Arabic Mandarin Vietnamese