What movement of people is the image on the right showing? 11/10 Focus: In the 1870’s, Belgium established a presence in the Congo River Basin which result in a scramble by other European powers to claim land in much of Africa. Important Terms: Berlin Conference Do Now: What movement of people is the image on the right showing?

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa

What is the difference between the African coastline and the coastline of Britain?

Africa Before Imperialism Industrialization had not occurred in Africa Regular coastline made it difficult for African nations to compete in world trade

Africa Before Imperialism Lack of Unity in Africa Africa was divided into hundreds of ethnic groups 1,000 different languages spoken Ranged from large empires to independent towns Large trade networks existed in Africa

Africa Before Imperialism Slave Trade had attracted Europeans to West Africa in the 1500’s-1600’s By the late 1800’s, must European countries and United States had end slavery

Africa Before Imperialism Geographic barriers had limited European colonization of Africa Inland travel was difficult Sahara Desert Highlands, steep cliffs Europeans could not navigate rivers Many waterfalls and rapids Presence of diseases such as Malaria

Tools of European Imperialism Steamships Superior Military technology Quinine Drug that was developed to protect against Malaria Steamships Allowed Europeans to travel up rivers Superior Military technology Small European forces could defeat much larger numbers of Africans Improved Communications Maintain close contact between colony and controlling nation

European Interest in Africa Missionaries and anti-slavery groups traveled into interior Africa Dr. David Livingstone traveled to the Congo Disappeared for several years Newspaper reporter Henry Stanley sent to find him Story increased interest in Africa

European Interest in Africa King Leopold II of Belgium negotiated with tribal leaders to gain control of land in the Congo in 1872 Rich supplies of rubber and other natural resources Belgian companies abused and forced local people to collect rubber

European Interest in Africa Belgian presence in Congo increased interest of other European nations Attracted by large supply of natural resources diamonds, gold, oil, copper, tin, rubber

The Berlin Conference Meeting held in 1844 to divide up Africa among the European powers Did not consider impact on Africans African leaders not included in the conference Placed most of Africa under European control

Points of Discussion What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference? What was the impact of the Berlin Conference on Africa?

11/12 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now: Scramble, Atrocities After the Berlin Conference, European countries rushed to colonize Africa. As they divided up Africa, they paid little attention to traditional tribal boundaries Important Terms: Scramble, Atrocities Do Now: Identify two primary factors that motivated European interest in Africa?

The Berlin Conference Meeting held in 1844 to divide up Africa among the European powers Did not consider impact on Africans African leaders not included in the conference Placed most of Africa under European control

The Berlin Conference Failed to consider traditional African ethnic boundaries

Divides Africa between European Powers African nations eventually gain independence in 2nd half of 20th century Divides Africa between European Powers Berlin Conference Conflicts and Civil Wars Ignores traditional African ethnic boundaries

Imperial Management Methods Indirect Control Direct Control Local government officials used Limited self-rule Government institutions are based on European styles but may have some local rules Foreign officials brought in to rule No self-rule Government institutions are based only on European styles

Points of Discussion What was one long lasting effect of the Berlin Conference? What impact did European imperialism in Africa have on Africans?

11/13 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now: Annex, Boer War Some Africans, such as the Zulu, attempted to resist the European attempts to exert control over lands in Africa Ultimately, most of these attempts failed because of advanced weaponry. Important Terms: Annex, Boer War Do Now: Identify two primary factors that motivated European interest in Africa?

British Interests in Africa Suez Canal Egypt built a canal connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea Reduced time to travel from Europe to the Indian Ocean Egyptian government was unstable Britain made Egypt a protectorate to protect their interests in the canal

British Interests in Africa Cecil Rhodes Supporter of British imperialism in Africa Started the DeBeers Diamond company Used money and influence to help Britain colonize Africa Rhodesia Today known as Zimbabwe and Zambia

African Resistance Shaka Zulu created the Zulu nation in Southern Africa resisted attempts by Europeans to colonize southern Africa The Boers Dutch farmers in southern Africa The British British crushed Zulu resistance with superior military technology (1879)

African Resistance Most attempts to resist European imperialism failed Exceptions: Ethiopians defeated Italians & stayed independent

The Boer War War fought between Boers (Dutch farmers) and British in Southern Africa 1899-1902 British won war Established the Union of South Africa

Points of Discussion What impact did European imperialism in Africa have on Africans? Why were attempts by Africans to resist European imperialism unsuccessful?