1. THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA CHAPTER 11 SECTION1

2. AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION A.Imperialism: the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country B.Before Europe Arrived 1.100s of ethnic groups and a 1,000 languages 2.Traditional tribal beliefs and some mainstream religions 3.Large empires with multiple ethnic groups & small independent villages C.When Europe Arrived 1.Powerful African armies kept Europeans out until the late 1800s 2.1880s only 10% of Africa was conquered

3. AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION D. Travel Problems in Africa 1.Rivers were impossible to navigate 2.Disease also discourage exploration deep into Africa 3.The Steam riverboat will allow easier travel to the interior E.Nations Compete for Empires 1.Explorers, missionaries, & humanitarians were the 1 st to reach the interior 2.Most were opposed to the slave trade 3.Most people learned about Africa from books

4. AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN DOMINATION F.The Congo Sparks interest 1.David Livingston, from Scotland Missionary, went to spread Christianity Disappeared in the 1860s in Africa 2.Henry Stanley, American Reporter; Hired to find Livingston Finds him in 1871 Explores the Congo River King Leopold II hired Stanley to explore for Belgium Treaties were completed with the local chiefs giving the Congo to Belgium 3.King Leopold II exploited the Africans & about 10 million died during his rule

5. FORCES DRIVING IMPERIALISM A.Economic 1.New markets for finished products 2.New source for Raw materials B.Racial Superiority 1.Europeans believed they were better than other people, because of the achievements of people from Europe 2.Social Darwinism: Application of Darwin’s evolution & natural selection to human society The fittest were wealthier & were considered superior Non-Europeans were on the lower scale of culture 3.Missionaries wanted to civilize & Westernize the African people

6. FACTORS PROMOTING IMPERIALISM A.Technological Superiority 1.The Maxim gun The world’s 1 st machine gun Most European Countries had them Most native tribes relied on outdated weapons 2.The Steam Engine Allowed easier travel on rivers Bases could be established for soldiers to patrol the area Railroads allowed quicker movement of supplies Cable communication

7. FACTORS PROMOTING IMPERIALISM CON’T… Perfection of the drug quinine to protect European’s from malaria B.Infighting among the tribe They fought over water Language and culture made it hard for the groups to unite The Europeans used these differences against them

8. THE DIVISION OF AFRICA A.West Africa 1.Controlled by France 2.The Discovery of Gold & Diamonds caused a scramble for colonies 3.Increased interest for wealth 4.No countries wanted to get left out B.The Berlin Conference 1.To prevent war 14 nations met to divide Africa 2.Countries had to notify the other nations & demonstrate control over the area 3.No African rulers present

9. THE DIVISION OF AFRICA CON’T… C.The Demand for Raw materials 1.The European nations believed they could sell finished goods to the Africans, not true 2.The mineral deposits were the real riches in Africa In the Belgian Congo: Copper & Tin In South Africa: Gold & Diamonds

10. 3 GROUPS CLASH OVER SOUTH AFRICA A.Africans, British, & Dutch 1.Zulus fight the British Shaka had kept Europeans away with great warriors British had Superior weapons Zulu Chief Cetshwayo was unable to defeat the British 2.1887: the Zulus fall to the British B.Boers & British settle in the Cape 1.1652: Dutch farmers (Boers) settled in South Africa 2.Took land from the Africans 3.British take over the colonies in the 1800s 4.To escape British policies the Boers started the Great Trek

11. THE BOER WAR CON’T… C.The Boer War 1.1899: the Boers go to war against the British to protect their land from adventurers 2.1 st total war 3.Boers used commando raids & guerilla tactics 4.British burned farms & imprisoned women & children 5.1910: Britain wins & the Union of South Africa is formed with Britain controlling it