Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)  Etiology  Result of lifestyle, overweight, smoking, lack of exercise, stress  S/S  No symptoms  If left untreated: liver damage, blood vessels, kidneys, stroke  Treatment/Prevention  Medication  Lifestyle change

Stroke  Etiology  Blood clot blocks the flow of blood in a vessel  S/S  Numbness, tingling, headache, especially on one side  Confusion, difficulty speaking, facial drop, vision problems, decreased balance, trouble walking  Treatment & Prevention  Medication to thin blood  Surgery  Clot busters

Arteriosclerosis  Etiology:  Hardening of the arteries  Aging, smoking, bad diet, decrease exercise  S/S:  High blood pressure  Fatigue  Aneurysms  Treatment & Prevention  Good diet  Exercise  Surgery

Aneurysm  Etiology  Defect/Disease  Weakened wall of artery  S/S:  Pain or pressure  Frequently no symptoms  Treatment & Prevention  Surgical removal of weak part of artery

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)  Etiology:  Narrowing of coronary artery because of plaque  Atherosclerosis: a specific type of arteriosclerosis, but the terms are sometimes used interchangeably.  S/S:  Possible heart attack, pale skin, easily fatigued  Treatment & Prevention  Balloon angioplasty surgery

Myocardial Infarction Heart Attack  Etiology:  Blood flow to the heart is cut off causing permanent damage to heart tissue  S/S:  Chest pain and discomfort  Jaw, shoulder, neck, and/or back pain  Dizzy, light headed, fainting, nausea, short of breath, pale or grey skin, weakness  Treatment & Prevention:  Call 911  Loosen restrictive clothing  Surgery  Medication, nitroglycerine

Congestive Heart Failure  Etiology:  Heart can’t pump at it’s usual capacity  Atherosclerosis & M.I.  S/S  Swelling of feet and ankles  Blood pooling  Treatment & Prevention:  Surgery  Drugs  Heart transplant

Anemia  Etiology:  A condition in which the RBC do not send enough O2 to the tissues  Caused by a low number of RBCs  S/S:  Pallor, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and rapid heart rate  Treatment & Prevention:  Varies by type  Iron supplements, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplants

Hemophelia  Etiology:  Hereditary (sex-linked trait) lack of clotting factors  S/S:  Excessive bleeding  Bruised easily  Treatment & Prevention:  Medications  Blood transfusions

Leukemia  Etiology:  Increase in WBC in bone marrow and blood stream  S/S:  Fever, pallor, anemia, bleeding gums, excessive bruising, joint pain  Treatment & Prevention:  Chemotherapy, radiation, bone marrow transplant