1. Cardiovascular Disorders

2. HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Healthful habits can help reduce many of the risk factors associated with problems of the Cardiovascular System
Follow a well balanced diet that is low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the heart and blood vessels
Exercise regularly for 30 minutes 3-4 times a week
Avoid the use of tobacco products and second hand smoke
Avoid illegal drugs

3. CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
A heart condition or abnormality that is present at birth
Causes:
May be hereditary
Use of alcohol or drugs during pregnancy is associated with heart defects in newborns.

4. CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
Signs/Symptoms:
Blood flow to the body is reduced – poor blood circulation
Breathing difficulties or rapid breathing
Feeding problems
Poor weight gain
Fatigue
Treatment:
Some congenital heart defects are less serious than others, but more require medication and possibly surgery.

5. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
A class of diseases that involve the blood vessels and/or the heart
Causes:
Diet
Lifestyle
Hereditary

6. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Signs/Symptoms:
Heart attack
Stroke
Chest Pain
Shortness of breath
Treatment:
Changes in lifestyle
Diet
Medication
Surgery

7. HEART MURMUR
Abnormal sounds that are made as blood flows through the heart (during a heart beat)
Causes:
Valves don’t close properly
Blood flowing through a damaged or overworked heart valve
May be present at birth
May occur as part of the normal aging process
May result from other heart problems

8. HEART MURMUR Signs/Symptoms:
If you have a harmless heart murmur you likely won’t have any signs or symptoms
An abnormal heart murmur may cause no other signs, aside from the unusual sound your doctors hears when listening to your heart
Treatment:
Treatment for heart murmurs depends on the cause. Harmless heart murmurs do not require treatment
Some may require medication or surgery

9. VARICOSE VEINS Twisted, enlarged veins near the surface of the skin.
Most common in the legs and ankles
Aren’t usually serious, but can sometimes lead to other problems
Normally, one-way valves in your veins keep blood flowing from your legs up to your heart. When these valves do not work as they should, blood collects in your legs, and pressure builds up.
Causes:
Weakened valves
Being overweight
Pregnant
Having a job where you must stand for long periods of times increases pressure on the leg veins

10. VARICOSE VEINS Signs/Symptoms: Veins enlarge and become painful
Heaviness, burning, aching, tiredness, or pain in the legs
Swelling in your legs, feet and/or ankles
Itching over the vein
Treatment:
Reduce standing time
Exercise
Elevate legs
Surgery

11. ANEMIA
A condition that develops when your blood lacks enough healthy Red Blood Cells or Hemoglobin
Causes:
Blood loss
Decreased or faulty Red Blood Cell production

12. ANEMIA Signs/Symptoms: Feeling weak or tired Pale Headaches
Problems concentrating or thinking
Treatment:
Treatment should be directed at the cause of the anemia
Blood transfusions
Medications
Iron supplement
Vitamin B12 supplement

13. LEUKEMIA Cancer of the blood cells Causes:
Experts don’t know what causes Leukemia
Bone marrow makes abnormal White Blood Cells, called Leukemia cells
They don’t do the work of normal White Blood Cells, they grow faster than normal cells, and they don’t stop growing when they should
Overtime, Leukemia cells can crowd out normal blood cells. This can lead to serious problems such as Anemia, bleeding, and infections.

14. LEUKEMIA Treatment: Medication Radiation Chemotherapy
Signs/Symptoms:
Fever
Night sweats
Headaches
Bruising or bleeding easily
Getting a lot of infections
Feeling very tired or weak
Losing weight and not feeling hungry
Treatment:
Medication
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Stem Cell Transplant – stem cells can rebuild your supply of normal blood cells and boost your immune system

15. HEMOPHILIA
Rare bleeding disorders in which the blood doesn’t clot properly and causes abnormal bleeding
Causes:
Hereditary
When your cut or bleeding internally, your body normally pulls blood cells together to form a clot to stop the bleeding. This process is called Coagulation.
Coagulation involves platelets and plasma proteins that encourage clotting (clotting factors).
The cause of Hemophilia is a deficiency of one of these clotting factors.

16. HEMOPHILIA Treatment:
Signs/Symptoms:
Many large or deep bruises
Joint pain and swelling caused by internal bleeding
Uncontrolled bleeding
Blood in your urine or feces
Nosebleeds without a known cause
Treatment:
Replacement Therapy – clotting factors are slowly dripped or injected into a vein
These infusions help to replace the clotting factor that’s missing or low

17. Blood Types
A – can donate to types A and AB; receive from types A and O
B – can donate to types B and AB; receive from types B and O
O – the most common blood type; the universal donor that can donate to everyone but can only receive from type O
AB – the least common blood type; can only donate to AB but is the universal recipient and can receive from everyone