1. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS

2. 1.To understand the cause, process, signs, symptoms and treatments of a variety of circulatory system disorders. These disorders include arteriosclerosis, heart failure**, aneurysm, stroke and leukemia 2.To become familiar with the risk factors associated with some of these diseases. ** not discussed in text book LEARNING GOALS

3.  Usually caused by buildup of fat deposits and other substances on the walls of the arteries.  Makes them thicker, narrower and less elastic  Can lead to high blood pressure, chest pain and heart attacks  Partly genetic but can also be prevented by healthy diet that is low in saturated fats  Can be treated surgically with a Procedure called angioplasty. This involves inflating a specially made balloon in the blocked artery to break up the placque ARTERIOSCLEROSIS

4.  This is the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body’s energy demands  It can be caused by several things including high blood pressure from narrowed arteries or toxicity due to prolonged alcohol use. Whatever the cause, the heart is too weak to pump enough blood. Symptoms include chest pain and severe shortness of breath.  This can eventually lead to death when the heart’s ability to pump blood becomes severely limited  Can be treated with proper diet, exercise and drugs that decrease blood pressure and increase contractility of the heart HEART FAILURE

5.  A weak point in an artery that leads to a bulge or bubble in the wall of the artery. When this tears, the results can be life threatening.  It is usually caused by a genetic defect.  It can occur anywhere but is most dangerous when it is in an artery that supplies a vital organ or organs (e.g. the brain or the aorta)  Immediate surgery is required to remove the damaged part of the artery and sew up the remaining ends ANEURYSM

6.  Caused by damage to blood vessels supplying the brain. This can be due to a blockage (ischemic stroke) or a rupture (hemorrhagic stroke). Either way, brain cells die and do not recover.  This could cause permanent brain damage unless it is treated very quickly. Victims may be left unable to speak or walk without assistance.  Drugs that break up clots may help if used quickly and surgery may be required if an artery is ruptured STROKE

7.  Cancer is a condition in which cells divide in an uncontrolled manner. Cancer of the white blood cells is called leukemia  Causes of leukemia are not always known but may be the result of a virus or genetic mutation  When there are too many white blood cells, there is no room for enough red cells. This makes the blood unable to supply enough oxygen to the body. Weakness and shortness of breath are common symptoms  It can be treated with a blood transfusion (replacing diseased blood with healthy blood) or chemotherapy but it is a very deadly disease. LEUKEMIA – CANCER OF THE BLOOD