Reporting verbs for statements He said (to me ) + that He told me He answered He replied He complained He agreed He promised
Reporting verbs for questions He asked IF/WHY/WHERE He wanted to know He wondered
Reporting verbs for orders He ordered me to + inf verb He told me to
Reporting verbs for requets, offers, advice,threats, invitations He asked me to + inf verb He offered He advised He threatened He invited
Changes occuring in reporting clauses of statements and questions Pronouns : –I > he/she; We> they; you> I, we Possessives: –My> his, her; our> their,your>my, our Time references: – today> that day ; in this moment> at that moment, yesterday> the day before; two days ago > two days before; tomorrow> the next day
Change of thense in reporting clauses of statements and questions DIRECT STATEMENT REPORTED STATEMENT am / is, are, have / has was/were, had present simple past simple present progressive past progressive past simple present perfect past perfect past progressive past perfect progressive can/may/must/will could/might/had to/would am/is/are going to was/were going to
Word order in the reported clause of statement HE SAID THAT +Subject + auxiliary+ verb+ object+time reference Eg. He said: “ At the moment I’m doing a grammar exercise” He said that HE WAS DOING A GRAMMAR EXERCISE AT THAT MOMENT.
Word order in the reported clause of YES-NO QUESTIONS HE ASKED IF/WHETHER + SUBJECT+ AUXILIARY+VERB+OBJECT+PREPOSITIO N+TIME REFERENCE Eg: He asked: “ who are you going to talk to tomorrow?” He asked me who I was going to talk to the nest day
Word order in the reported clause of order, invitations, advice, requests etc… He asked me + to + verb Can you help me? He asked me to help him