1 Southern Africa Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: The Region Today CHAPTER 24

2 SECTION 1 Natural Environments Question: What resources can be found in southern Africa?

3 SECTION 1 Natural Environments Resources of Southern Africa petroleum in Angola copper and iron in Zambia coal in South Africa & Zimbabwe diamonds in South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia gold and platinum in South Africa

4 Objectives: What are the main landforms and rivers of southern Africa?What are the main landforms and rivers of southern Africa? What climates, biomes, and natural resources are found in the region?What climates, biomes, and natural resources are found in the region? Section 1 Natural Environments

5 Landforms and rivers: coastal plaincoastal plain high plateauhigh plateau escarpment—separates plain from plateau; includes Drakensberg rangeescarpment—separates plain from plateau; includes Drakensberg range Orange River—flows west to Atlantic; hydroelectricity, irrigationOrange River—flows west to Atlantic; hydroelectricity, irrigation Limpopo River—to Indian OceanLimpopo River—to Indian Ocean Zambezi River—Victoria FallsZambezi River—Victoria Falls Section 1 Natural Environments

6 Climates, biomes, and resources: tropical wet and dry and semiarid climates; Mediterranean at Cape Towntropical wet and dry and semiarid climates; Mediterranean at Cape Town Madagascar—tropical rainforest biome, with many speciesMadagascar—tropical rainforest biome, with many species desert biomes—Namib, Kalaharidesert biomes—Namib, Kalahari Okavango Swamps—rich in plants and animalsOkavango Swamps—rich in plants and animals grassland veld of South Africagrassland veld of South Africa plentiful energy and minerals—oil, coal, hydropower, gold, platinum, diamonds, copper, ironplentiful energy and minerals—oil, coal, hydropower, gold, platinum, diamonds, copper, iron Section 1 Natural Environments

7 Objectives: What are some important events in the history of southern Africa?What are some important events in the history of southern Africa? What are the region’s cultures like?What are the region’s cultures like? Section 2 History and Culture

8 History: key events Bantu migrations, beginning around A.D. 100Bantu migrations, beginning around A.D. 100 arrival of Portuguese traders in the 1400sarrival of Portuguese traders in the 1400s Dutch settlement at Cape Town (1652), followed by other EuropeansDutch settlement at Cape Town (1652), followed by other Europeans Boer War (1899–1902) between British and Dutch settlersBoer War (1899–1902) between British and Dutch settlers independence—South Africa (1910), Angola and Mozambique (1970s), Zimbabwe (1980)independence—South Africa (1910), Angola and Mozambique (1970s), Zimbabwe (1980) civil wars in Mozambique and Angolacivil wars in Mozambique and Angola end of apartheid in South Africa; election of Nelson Mandela (1994)end of apartheid in South Africa; election of Nelson Mandela (1994) Section 2 History and Culture

9 Cultural features: Bantu languages widely spoken; governments often rely on European languagesBantu languages widely spoken; governments often rely on European languages religion—traditional practices, Christianity, Islam, Hinduismreligion—traditional practices, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism denser population in wetter eastern portiondenser population in wetter eastern portion traditional villages surround kraal (pen)traditional villages surround kraal (pen) cities have European originscities have European origins Section 2 History and Culture

10 Objectives: What are the main economic activities in southern Africa?What are the main economic activities in southern Africa? What are the region’s cities like?What are the region’s cities like? What challenges face the people of southern Africa?What challenges face the people of southern Africa? Section 3 The Region Today

11 SECTION 3 The Region Today Southern Africa’s Economies Mineral exports gold in South Africa oil in Angola diamonds in Botswana copper in Zambia Tourism game parks in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe tropical islands of Comoros, Mauritius, and Seychelles Informal Sector foods and fruits, souvenirs services such as car repair found in the region’s large cities

12 Economic activities: South Africa is the most developed and diversified; Mozambique is the least.South Africa is the most developed and diversified; Mozambique is the least. Farming is the chief activity, mostly subsistence but some commercial—tobacco, coffee, vanilla.Farming is the chief activity, mostly subsistence but some commercial—tobacco, coffee, vanilla. Minerals and oil are increasingly important— gold, oil, diamonds, copper.Minerals and oil are increasingly important— gold, oil, diamonds, copper. Informal sector plays a key role.Informal sector plays a key role. Tourism is important—wild game parks, beaches.Tourism is important—wild game parks, beaches. Section 3 The Region Today

13 Urban environments: great contrasts—wealthy suburbs, modern downtown areas, large slumsgreat contrasts—wealthy suburbs, modern downtown areas, large slums shantytowns—despite poverty, many are well- organizedshantytowns—despite poverty, many are well- organized Johannesburg—largest urban area; industrial centerJohannesburg—largest urban area; industrial center townships—Apartheid-era areas for non-white South Africanstownships—Apartheid-era areas for non-white South Africans Section 3 The Region Today

14 Challenges poverty and its effectspoverty and its effects urbanization—overcrowding and pollutionurbanization—overcrowding and pollution droughts and floodsdroughts and floods deforestation and species loss in Madagascardeforestation and species loss in Madagascar spread of HIVspread of HIV Section 3 The Region Today