Global History: Spiconardi The Schism of 1054 Global History: Spiconardi

Origins Iconoclasm  Pope Gregory speaks out against Byzantine Empire’s iconoclast movement Western culture was evolving  Influence from Germanic tribes Eastern culture retained its Hellenistic and Greco-Roman culture

Origins Papacy vs. Secularism Secularism  belief that religion should not enter into the functions of the state The East believed the pope claimed to have too much jurisdiction West took issue with Caesaropapism  subordination of the church to secular rulers

Origins The Filoque  Churches debated on the origin of the Holy Spirit

The Issues Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Mass said in Latin Pope has authority over all bishops & secular leaders Priests may not marry Divorce is not permitted Mass said in Greek or vernacular Patriarchs and other bishops head the church as a group The emperor has authority over the patriarchs and bishops Priests may marry Divorce permitted under certain conditions

The Issues Unleavened or leavened bread? Eastern Rite Communion Bread Western Rite Communion Wafers

The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) In 1054 Pope Leo IX and the Patriarch (head bishop) of Constantinople excommunicated one another after emissaries could not reconcile during meetings Excommunication  depriving a member of the church the benefits and privileges of membership Pope Leo IX

The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) The excommunications were void Pope Leo IX died before he officially served the excommunication Patriarch Michael Cerularius had no authority to excommunicate

The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) Christendom splits into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church Catholic  “universal” Orthodox  “right belief” Today the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Church are meeting in hopes of one day unifying the Church