O RGANIZATION OF A S PEECH

G ENERAL G OALS OF A S PEECH  To inform: You have information that you want to convey to your audience.  To persuade: You want to convince your audience that your way of thinking is superior.  To entertain: You are amusing your audience with stories. 2

P ARTS OF THE S PEECH : T HE I NTRODUCTION  Purposes of an introduction  Gain attention and arouse interest of the audience. This is done through the attention getter.  Prepare and open the minds of the listeners.  Indicates the purpose of the speech. Think thesis statement. 3

M ETHODS OF D ELIVERY  Manuscript – Least desirable. You read verbatim from a completely written out speech.  Memorized – Still undesirable. This is the same as a manuscript, but instead of having the body of the speech in front of you, you have memorized the entire speech. 4

D ELIVERY M ETHODS C ONTINUED  Extemporaneous – This is a speech that is thoroughly researched and prepared, but is delivered with no manuscript and few to no notes.  Impromptu – This is a speech given on the spot as a subject matter expert. There is no preparation. 5

Type of SpeechAdvantagesDisadvantages Manuscript-For announcements -Adheres to time limit -For complicated/ technical topics -Not adaptable -Limited eye contact -Vocal pattern can become monotone MemorizedNone-Risk of forgetting -Difficult to deliver sincerely - Tendency to stare Extemporaneous-adaptable to feedback -flexible -Natural delivery -None Impromptu-Done in field of expertise -Done in emergency situations -Easy to do poorly -Speaker may ramble 6

I NFORMATIVE S PEAKING  Public communication in which the speaker imparts new knowledge or more information on a topic to the audience.  Goal: for the audience to better understand the subject matter. 7

K EY P RINCIPLES IN A CHIEVING A UDIENCE U NDERSTANDING  Visual aids  Verbal – The audience expects specific types of support.  Facts  Statistics  Testimony  Narrative  Examples  Comparisons 8

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P ATTERNS OF O RGANIZATION  Organization – Arrangement of ideas into meaningful pattern. Gives the subject form and structure. It is the map of the speaker’s idea.  Chronological – Proceeds from beginning to end. Example: Gettysburg Address  Spatial – Parts of the speech tie together by space arrangement. Example: The various “lands” make up Magic Kingdom at Disney World  Topical – Subject is broken down into its parts.  Problem/solution – Details a problem and then offers a solution to said problem 10

M AINTAINING I NTEREST  Specificity – Specific terms are more interesting than vague generalities or abstract concepts.  Novelty – If a topics is new and exciting, it is more interesting.  Immediacy – Knowledge that is relevant and timely is of more interest. Demonstrate how speaker’s knowledge will impact the listener.  Conflict – Issues can be explained through conflict. 11