Do Now In a presidential system of government, how is a president chosen? A. By a decision of the national courts B. By a majority vote of the legislature C. In a separate vote from the one that chooses the legislature D. By the political party with the most representatives in the legislature

Governments of SE Asia

GPS and E.Q. SS7CG6a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal. How do government systems distribute power?

Vocabulary Unitary: central government has all the power Monarchy: rule by a king/queen or emperor Constitutional Monarchy: king/queen/emperor’s power is limited by a set of laws in the constitution Communist government: the government controls everything Dictatorship: 1 person takes power, usually by force, and controls everything

Vocabulary Autocracy: rule by 1 Oligarchy: rule by the few Democracy: rule by the people Legislature: law making group Bicameral: 2 houses (the legislature is divided into 2 groups) Parliamentary: people vote for members of this legislature; largest political group’s leader becomes the prime minister

Unitary The central government holds all or nearly all of the power. Local governments such as state or county systems may hold some power at certain times. But they are basically under the control of the central government. The central government has the power to change local governments or abolish (get rid of) them.

Unitary: Examples A monarchy (rule by king, queen, or emperor) is an example of a unitary government. A communist government or dictatorship is an example of a unitary government. SE Asia Countries: Communist: The People’s Republic of China (China) Communist: The Socialist Republic of Vietnam Communist state 1 man dictatorship: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) Parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy: Japan

Japan Constitutional monarchy: powers of the ruler are limited by the constitution or laws of the nation Emperor of Japan is head of state – symbolic (no real political power) Power is held by the bicameral legislature, called the Diet, elected by the Japanese people

Confederation Local governments hold all the power – central government depends on local governments for its existence. Examples: United Nations – can only offer advice/assistance when the members agree Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN – member countries cooperate on economic matters, cultural exchanges, and help keep peace in the area. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xV_ptCcHEz0

Federal Power is shared or divided among different levels of government. Local governments have some powers that central government does not have, and vice-versa. Example: India – has a bicameral parliamentary legislature called The Indian National Congress. Its majority political party chooses the prime minister. Local villages have some power.

CRCT Test Prep pages 156-157 1. In a unitary government system, most of the power is in the hands of the A. individual voters B. local governments C. central government D. central and local governments C. Central government

CRCT Test Prep pages 156-157 2. In a confederation government system, most of the power is in the hands of the A. individual voters B. local governments C. central government D. central and local governments B. Local governments

CRCT Test Prep pages 156-157 3. Which organization could be considered an example of a confederation form of government? A. the Diet of Japan B. the Indian National Congress C. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations D. the Assembly of the People’s Republic of China

CRCT Test Prep pages 156-157 4. How is government power handled in a federal form of government? A. the king makes most of the important decisions. B. Power is shared among different levels of government. C. A central committee makes all of the political decisions. D. The local government has more power than the national government.

Citizen Participation

GPS and E.Q. SS7CG6b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic. E.Q.: How do governments determine citizen participation?

Autocracy The ruler has absolute power to do whatever he/she wants and enforce any laws he/she chooses. Citizens have NO rights to choose leaders or vote (they might vote, but there are no choices). Some autocratic leaders may allow citizens rights in certain areas, but the leader maintains control over all important areas.

Autocracy: Example North Korea – Kim Jong Un is the chief of state. He rules DPRK as an autocratic dictator.

Oligarchy A political party or other small group takes over a government and makes all the major decisions. Citizens have NO rights to choose leaders or vote (they might vote, but there are no choices). Similar to autocracy in leadership style and lack of citizen rights

Oligarchy: Example The People’s Republic of China is called an oligarchy, because the leaders and powerful families in China control much of what goes on in the country.

Democracy Citizens play a role in deciding who the rulers are and what decisions are made. Decisions are often made by majority vote, but laws protect individuals’ rights. Citizens have the power to ask the government for help if their rights are violated.

Democracy: Examples India Japan South Korea

CRCT Test Prep pages156-158 Who makes most of the important governmental decisions in an autocracy? The ruler The people The court system The elected legislature A. The ruler

CRCT Test Prep pages156-158 6. Which Southern and Eastern Asian country could be described as an autocracy? India Japan South Korea North Korea D. North Korea

CRCT Test Prep pages156-158 7. Who makes most of the important governmental decisions in an oligarchy? The king The people The legislature Small group of powerful leaders D. Small group of powerful leaders

CRCT Test Prep pages156-158 8. Which Southern or Eastern Asian country could be described as an oligarchy? India Japan China South Korea D. China

CRCT Test Prep pages156-158 9. Why do the individual voters have more power in a democracy than they do in an autocracy or an oligarchy? Kings are always poor rulers. The voters get to choose the people who make the laws. All of the power stays in the hands of the local governments. The voters in democratic countries always choose qualified leaders. B. The voters get to choose the people who make the laws.

CRCT Test Prep pages156-158 10. Which Southeastern or Eastern Asian countries have democratic systems of government? India and Japan China and Vietnam China and South Korea North Korea and China A. India and Japan

2 Types of Democracy

GPS and E.Q. GPS: SS7CG6c.: Describe the 2 predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential. E.Q.: How do parliamentary and presidential democracies compare?

Parliamentary Democracy Citizens vote for representatives who share their political views. The Parliament is made up of these representatives. Parliament makes and carries out (enforces) the laws for the country. The country’s leader is usually chosen by the political party with the most representatives in the legislature. Citizens DO NOT elect the leader. The leader is often called a prime minister or premier

Parliamentary Democracy The prime minister is head of government He/she may be voted out of office by the Parliament before the term is up if he/she loses power. He/she may also dissolve Parliament. Examples: India Japan

Presidential Democracy Also called “Congressional Form of Government” Citizens vote for members of the legislature (congress) AND for the leader, or president. Congress makes the laws. The President enforces the laws. The president is head of government and head of state who serves for a certain term. Congress can’t remove the president (unless he breaks a law). The president can’t remove congress. Example: South Korea

Differences President Is in a separate branch (called “executive”) of government from legislature Enforces the laws Congress makes Elected by citizens Prime Minister Is part of legislature (Parliament) As part of Parliament, he makes and enforces laws Selected by Parliament

CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161 Which branch of government is responsible for making and carrying out the laws in a parliamentary system of government? Courts Monarch President Legislature D. legislature

CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161 12. The leader of a parliamentary system is often called the king president Prime minister Constitutional monarch C. Prime minister

CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161 13. The leader of a parliamentary system is chosen by The monarch or king. A popular vote of the people. A decision by the national courts. The political party with the most representatives in the legislature. D. The political party with the most representatives in the legislature.

CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161 14. Which branch of government makes the laws in a presidential system of government? president legislature National courts Both the president and the legislature together B. legislature

CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161 15. In a presidential system of government, a president is chosen By a decision of the national courts. By a majority vote of the legislature. In a separate vote from the one that chooses the legislature. By the political party with the most representatives in the legislature. C. In a separate vote from the one that chooses the legislature.

CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161 16. What is the role of the president regarding the laws passed by the legislature? The president is supposed to enforce those laws. The president can change the laws he doesn’t like. The president sends the laws to the states for approval. The president does not need to approve laws passed by the legislature. A. The president is supposed to enforce those laws.

CRCT Test Prep pages 159 -161 17. What is one main difference between a president and a prime minister? A prime minister has more power than a president. A president has to be elected, while a prime minister does not. A prime minister does not have to belong to a particular political party, while a president always does. A president is in a separate branch of government while a prime minister is part of the legislature. D. A president is in a separate branch of government while a prime minister is part of the legislature.

Draw the chart on CRCT Test Prep page 161 Draw the chart on CRCT Test Prep page 161. Use it to answer the next 2 questions. 18. What is the purpose of the chart? A. to explain the role of the emperor in Japanese government B. to explain how power is divided in the government of Japan C. to show that the prime minister controls all parts of government D. to show that the three branches of government are not equally powerful

19. Which part of the government leads the legislative branch? A. the Diet B. the courts C. the cabinets D. the emperor