2. What changes occurred in Europe as a result of the Crusades ? EQs: 1. What were the Crusades? 2. What changes occurred in Europe as a result of the Crusades ?

Q1: The Crusades Crusades = Series of religious wars fought in Middle East between European Christians and Muslims in the late 1000-1200s Had lasting impact on European politics and society Main struggle was between Christians and a Muslim group the Seljuk Turks

Q2: Events leading to First Crusade Jerusalem and area around it was (and still is) sacred to Christians, Jews, and Muslims for various religious reasons This area is also known as the Holy Land Seljuk Turks were Muslims who conquered Jerusalem in 1071, which made Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land nearly impossible Then in 1096, Seljuk Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire and the Emperor asked the church for help, Pope Urban II responded by sending armies of Crusaders to the Middle East

Q3: Economic Affects of Crusades Merchants were willing to finance Crusades so they might gain wealth through Crusaders needing supplies and goods while using trade routes in traveling European contact with cultures of Eastern Mediterranean grew during the Crusades Crusaders brought back Asian and Middle Eastern goods, resulting in increased trade - goods included spices, furs, cloth, cane sugar, rice, and various fruits Because of the Crusades, there was a greater interest in trade.

Q4: Crusades Affect Jews and Non-Christians Jewish Population Hostility and persecution towards Jewish people increased On their way to Palestine, Crusaders murdered European Jews Jews were excommunicated from England and France Non-Christians Viewed as part of the problem Considered the enemy Persecution increased and grew worse toward Non-Christians

Q5: Crusades Change Power Balance in Europe Crusades add to the break down of the feudal system in Europe Increased trade helped lead to growth of towns Towns required strong leadership for good business and trade, Monarchs provided this stability, and as a result Monarchs begin to gain power Nobility, (Lords), began to lose power as the common people began to become more loyal to the King