1. The Crusades

2. Causes of the Crusades Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem and Palestine from the Byzantine Empire around 1065. Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem and Palestine from the Byzantine Empire around 1065. Turks were not peacefully allowing Christians to make pilgrimages to the holy land. (3000 Christian pilgrims were massacred) Turks were not peacefully allowing Christians to make pilgrimages to the holy land. (3000 Christian pilgrims were massacred) Pope Urban II, in an attempt to calm angry followers and unite Eastern and Western Christians, urged Kings to raise armies to retake the holy land from the Turks. Pope Urban II, in an attempt to calm angry followers and unite Eastern and Western Christians, urged Kings to raise armies to retake the holy land from the Turks.

3. Crusades Medieval Knights Medieval Knights “Barbarian” (peasant) soldiers “Barbarian” (peasant) soldiers Peasants fought for a couple of reasons: Peasants fought for a couple of reasons: Immediate salvation Immediate salvation Free from bonds of feudal lord Free from bonds of feudal lord Chance to see a new part of the world Chance to see a new part of the world Who?

4. The First Crusade The 1 st Crusade Who? What? Results? European Knights, peasants, Byzantines, Pope Urban II, and Turks Crusaders captured Nicaea and marched to Jerusalem setting up crusader states Christians overtook Jerusalem killing both Jews and Muslims

5. A Cause could be a Terrible Thing When the Crusaders arrived in Northern Turkey, the carnage began: 1. 1. Nicaea was captured and looted 2. 2. babies cut to pieces 3. 3. elderly were tortured 4. 4. Unfortunately, most of the inhabitants of Nicaea were actually Christians… Nicaea today: Iznik, Turkey

6. The Second Crusade The 2 nd Crusade Who? Who? What? What? Results? Results? King Louis VII of France, King Conrad III of Germany, Saladin the Great Christians from different European countries could not unite for battle. With no united opposition, Saladin easily retook Jerusalem.

7. The Third Crusade The 3 rd Crusade Who? Who? What? What? Results? Results? Pope Gregory VIII, Emperor Fredrick I of Germany, King Richard of England, King Phillip II of France, Saladin Again the kings could not unite and mount much of an effort. Richard killed 2700 Muslims forcing Saladin into battle. After about a year of fighting King Richard and Saladin finally signed a peace treaty.

8. Why was Constantinople so important geographically?

9. The Fourth Crusade The 4 th Crusade Who? Who? What? What? Results? Results? Pope Innocent III, Venetians, Byzantines, Christian Crusaders Upon hearing the crusaders would take a sea route to the middle east, Venetian officials convinced them to take over Constantinople to increase their trading influence. For three days crusaders “sacked” the city, killing thousands, destroying and looting. The religious spirit of the crusades had been lost. Crusaders looked more like money hungry murderers, than religious zealots.

10. Results of the Crusades For Europe Results of the Crusades For Europe Were these positive or negative or both? Were these positive or negative or both? Powers of the monarchs grew as a way to strengthen national government Church continued to be powerful, but began to see exploration (more than conquest) as a way to spread Christianity Long-standing feudal systems that had started after the fall of the Roman Empire began to break down as serfs bought their freedom with wealth earned in battle Persecution of Jews and Muslims living in the middle east Economic development for Europe via trade -and many more…..

11. Quick Write # 14 Conflicts can often have positive or negative results. What were the results of the Crusades? Consider all groups of people involved and explain your answers. Conflicts can often have positive or negative results. What were the results of the Crusades? Consider all groups of people involved and explain your answers.