18.2 The Civil War Begins (pt. 2) pp

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18.2 The Civil War Begins (pt. 2) pp. 570-571

Objective: Describe the war strategies used by the North and the South.

Review: 1. The years of the American Civil War were ________-________. 2. Where were the opening shots of the war fired? 3. List the four border slave states that remained loyal the Union. 4. What Southern city became the Confederate capital? 5. List three Confederate advantages. 6. List three Confederate disadvantages. 7. List three Union advantages

A. Military Strategies (p. 570) When Fort Sumter fell, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve for 90 days to help restore order in the South. So many volunteers tried to join the militia that recruiters had to turn many away. Few, if any, of the soldiers and officers had much fighting experience.

B. Union Strategy (p. 570) Lincoln put Winfield Scott in charge of the Union armies. Scott’s “Anaconda Plan” for the Union was to: 1) blockade Southern ports, 2) take control of the Mississippi River, and 3) capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. The Eastern campaign was fought mainly in Virginia, while the Western campaign was fought between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River.

C. Confederate Strategy (p. 570) The Confederate army chose to fight a defensive war. To win, the South did not have to do anything except hold out against enemy attacks and wear down the North’s will to fight. Southerners also hoped to use their cotton to win European support, an idea called King Cotton Diplomacy.

Civil War Strategies

D. Military Leadership (p. 570-571) The Constitution made President Lincoln the commander in chief of the military. Lincoln’s main goal at the beginning of the war was to restore the union, not to free the slaves. The constitution of the Confederacy also gave the top command post to its president, Jefferson Davis. During the early years of the war, the South had a better army with superior officers.

Grant and Lee

E. Lincoln and his Generals (p. 571) Winfield Scott was very old and quickly proved unsuitable as the head of the Union army. Unfortunately, Lincoln would have to go through several generals before he found the one he could put his faith in—Ulysses S. Grant. Grant would play a major role in winning the war for the North.

F. Davis and his Generals (p. 571) Davis chose Albert Sidney Johnston to lead the battles in the West and Robert E. Lee in the East. Lee understood the battlefield as well as anyone in the military. He seemed able to predict the movements of the Union army and knew its weak points. Willing to take risks, Lee did not wait to be attacked—often he would make the first move.

Review: 8. What were the three parts of Winfield Scott’s Union strategy? 9. The Confederate army planned to fight a ____________________ war. 10. Which Union general played a major role in winning the war for the North? 11. Which outstanding Confederate general understood the battlefield as well as anyone in the military?